Compare and Contrast the Social Responsibility Theory

COMPARE AND tell THE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY WITH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY OF THE PRESS. The put right withal known as the quaternary estate plays a very critical role in educating, informing, entertaining and bridging the gap surrounded by the plurality partnership and the executive, judicial and legislative. Hence what is more essential is its stance on policy and choice of supposition, which is a system of law like propositions and set of ideas that guide action or predict a consequence.The aspiration of this research is to comp be, that is to put side by side and to contrast, and that is state the difference between the Authoritarian system with the loving responsibility theory of the press. There is not much of a hint of comparison between the Authoritarian theory and the mixer responsibility theory, in that the heart beat of the oppressive theory is designed to protect the status quo and existing affectionate order mainly biased towards the ruling elite and t hose that are in authority.The authoritarian press is under state control and heaps more thrust with the common media while the social responsibility of the press thrives on democracy and principles of public service media which seek to offer for minorities, the so c either tolded mass community and ordinary people. Unlike the authoritarian theory of the press, the social responsibility thoroughfare directly gets its funding from the public through with(predicate) licensing and this is true mainly for the electronic media.The authoritarian on unitary hand regards the role of the press to be that of nation building and propaganda and as a mouth component part for the ones in authority, hence the main source of funding is the ruling elite and the government. Both the authoritarian and social responsibility theory seek to communicate to an audience, communication is absolutely essential to effective drawship and press. The leader must be able to share knowledge and ideas to tr ansmit a sense of urgency and enthusiasm to others. If a leader idlert get a message across clearly and act others to act on it, then having a message doesnt even matter.This is the true hummer and finish of the authoritarian set by political leaders due to the reality that repetition is the rule of persistent and deep lasting impressions. This is a propagandist mode of communication to drive home a crabbed message. The state sets up censorship boards and agents to regulate and monitor the operations of the media in the authoritarian theory, issues of censorship and punishment for diversion from rules that are set by political leaders and authorities are central in this theory.It thrives on censorship and repression of granting immunity of expression as exemplified by the enactment of the draconian laws much(prenominal) as Public Order and Security serve chapter 117 (POSA), the Access To Information and Protection of secrecy Act Chapter 1027 (AIPPA), The Broadcasting Servi ces Act Chapter 1206 and the Criminal Law (Codification and reform) Act in the nation of Zimbabwe. Basically there is no diversity on coverage, which is cater for all savors and interests. The social responsibility theory of the press however is not rigid and allows for freedom of expression and thus catering for all tastes and interests.The socially responsible press takes something complicated and makes it simple to understand to layman, compared to the authoritarian which propagandises all selective information and feeds the masses with what the ruling elite desires to propagate that is government policy. I would like to believe that the authoritarian believes audiences are passive partakers of information whereas the social responsibility adheres to the reality that people are active consumers and do curb a choice of what media to consume.This is seen with the geographical universality of provision and reception, thus encouraging competition in programs and freedom to broadc asters, more over there is room for feedback and diversity while the authoritarian to a lesser peak diversifies to push government policy and agenda. The major criticism against the authoritarian theory is that it does not create a viable atmosphere and environment for free expression and diversity which are essential elements for any elected and free society hence the principles for the social responsibility theory may differ from country to country.What is of the essence(predicate) to understand is that the public service concept is opposed to the authoritarian, propagandist mode. Radio dialogue and other community radio initiatives are using legitimate means of giving people a real taste of media diversity and thus getting them involved They bring members of the community together, record their discussions and distribute this material on CDs. When people hear themselves they get excited about media issues. Authoritarian control tended to be exercised in arbitrary, erratic ways .Sometimes, considerable freedom might exist to publicize minority lotpoints and culture as persistent as authorities dont perceive a direct threat to their power. Unlike social responsibility theory, authoritarian theory doesnt prioritize cultivation of a homogeneous, field of study culture. It only requires acquiescence (compliance) to governing elite. This perspective also held that ruthless elites could use media as a means of gaining personal political power. These demagogues could manipulate media to transmit propaganda to discharge hatred and fear among a majority, unite them against minorities, e. g. s Hitler used the media to arouse hatred against the Jews. The genial certificate of indebtedness Theory of the Press, emphasize the need for an independent press that scrutinizes other social institutions and provides objective, accurate news reports. The approximately innovative feature of Social Responsibility theory was its call for media to be responsible for foster ing plentiful and creative Great Communities. It said that media should do this by prioritizing cultural pluralism- by becoming the voice of all the people- not just elite groups or groups that had dominated national, regional or local culture in the past.Dennis McQuail in 1987 summarized the basic principles of social responsibility theory as the following 1. Media should accept and fulfil trustworthy obligations to society. 2. These obligations are mainly to be met by setting high or passe-partout standards of in formativeness, truth, accuracy, objectiveness and balance. 3. in accepting and applying these obligations, media should be self-regulating within the framework of law and established institutions. 4. the media should avoid some(prenominal) might lead to crime, violence or civil disorder or give offense to minority groups. . the media as a whole should be plura mention and reflect the diversity of their society, giving memory access to various points of view and to r ights of reply. 6. Society and the public have a right to expect high standards of performance and intervention can be justified to secure the public good. 7. Journalists and media professionals should be accountable to society as well as to employers and the market. Social Responsibility theory has proved quite durable. Most journalists take seriously the central set of social Responsibility theory such as luralism and cultural diversity However the state of personal business is not so with the authoritarian theory of the press. Unlike the Authoritarian theory, the social responsibility theory of the press takes hid and pays cognisance to peoples right to true information- the right of people to express themselves freely through the media of communication and the journalistic dedication to objective reality this aims to provide public with adequate material to assist the formation of an accurate and comprehensive picture of the world.The journalists social responsibility is als o of the essence, this emphasizes the detail that journalistic information is social good not just a commodity. When it comes to the Journalists professional integrity dealing especially with rights not to work against personal conviction and other matters of personal ethics. The social responsibility theory of the press has respect for such, while the Authoritarian theory has no regard for such values and ethics. Ethics is a practise of moral behaviour by individuals, governments and social institutions.Ethics is more to do with principles concerning the rights and wrong of conduct, principles which have some reason theoretical basis which therefore apply objectively and impartially. Besley & Chadwich 1992 The Social responsibility theory of the press in contrast to the Authoritarian theory has respect for, Public access and participation, this includes the right of rectification and reply, respect for privacy and Human Dignity, respect for the Public interest.This relates to resp ect for the national community, in democratic institutions and public morals, respect of Universal Values and diversity of cultures. This calls for respect for human rights, social progress, national liberation, peace, democracy, elimination of War and other great evils confronting humanity. This calls for abstention from justifying aggression, arms proliferation, violence, hatred, discrimination, promotion of a New military man information and communication order. This is directed especially at the need for decolonization and democratization of information and communication.After all said and done my conviction is that the Authoritarian theory in contrast with Social Responsibility theory does not encourage media practitioners to see themselves as front-line participants in the battle to preserve democracy in a world drifting relentlessly toward tyranny. This gives rise and room to fear amongst media operators and infringes on the right of freedom of expression, the list of people who have been arrested for exercising their right to freedom of expression is long.In December 2008, for example, Jestina Mukoko, Director of the Zimbabwe Peace Project, was abducted and tortured. Members of muliebrity of Zimbabwe Arise (WOZA) are harassed, intimidated, assaulted and arrested on a regular basis. Okay Machisa, the Executive Director of Zimbabwe Human Rights necktie (ZIMRIGHTS) was arrested in March 2010 for organising reflections an exhibition of pictures of victims of the 2008 political violence. Geoff Nyarota was arrested for exposing some foul play at the Mazda industry at one time Ford motors.