Thursday, February 28, 2019

Genetically modified food benefit both farmers and consumers Essay

THE TERM GM FOODS OR GMOS (GENETICALLY-MODIFIED ORGANISMS) IS MOST commonly th annihilaterical roled to refer to preen seeds created for serviceman or animal consumption using the latest molecu- lar biology techniques. These plants stand been modified in the laboratory to enhance de- sired traits such(prenominal) as increase opposition to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desire traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods can be rattling time consuming and are much non very accurate.Genetic applied science, on the other hand, can create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and with great accuracy. For example, plant agentticists can specify a gene responsible for drouth tolerance and insert that gene into a different plant. The new genetically-modified plant will gain drought tolerance as well. Not only can genes be transferred from one plant to another, but genes from non-pl ant organisms also can be physical exertiond. The best cognize example of this is the use of B. t. genes in gamboge and other crops. B. t. , or vitamin B thuringiensis, is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces crystal proteins that are lethal to louse larvae.B. t. crystal protein genes have been transferred into corn, enabling the corn to produce its own pesticides against insects such as the European corn borer. For two informative overviews of some of the techniques pertain in creating GM foods, visit Biotech Basics (sponsored by Monsanto) http//www. biotechknowledge. monsanto. com/biotech/bbasics. nsf/index or Techniques of Plant Bio engine room from the National Center for Biotechnology Education http//www. ncbe. reading. ac. uk/NCBE/GMFOOD/techniques.1 Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae (Nature, Vol 399, No 6733, p 214, May 20, 1999) 2 Assessing the impact of Cry1Ab-expressing corn pollen on monarch butterfly larvae in field studies (Pro- ceedings of the Natio nal academy of Sciences, Vol 98, No 21, p11931-11936, Oct 2001) 3 2000 CSA What are some of the advantages of GM foods? The domain of a function population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the following 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is outlet to be a major challenge in the years to come.GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of shipway Pest resistance Crop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastat- ing financial loss for grangers and starvation in developing countries. Farmers typi- cally use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off of agricultural wastes from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers can poi- son the water supply and cause harm to the environment. increment GM foods such as B. t. corn can help separate the application of chemical pestic ides and reduce the cost of bringing a crop to market. 4,5 Herbicide tolerance For some crops, it is not cost-effective to remove weeds by physi- cal means such as tilling, so farmers will often spray large quantities of different her- bicides (weed-killer) to destroy weeds, a time-consuming and costly process, that requires care so that the herbicide does not harm the crop plant or the environment. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one very muscular herbicide could help prevent environmental damage by step-down the amount of herbicides needed.For example, Monsanto has created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be not affected by their herbicide product Roundup . 6 A farmer grows these soy- beans which then only require one application of weed-killer instead of eight-fold ap- plications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off. 7 Disease resistance There are many viruses, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases. Plant biologists are working to create plants with genetically-engineered resistance to these diseases. 8,9 Cold tolerance Unexpected frost can destroy lovesome seedlings.An antifreeze gene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally 4 Insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis protect corn from corn rootworms (Nature Biotechnol- ogy, Vol 19, No 7, pp 668-672, Jul 2001).5 Lepidopteran-resistant transgenic plants (US Patent 6313378, Nov 2001, Monsanto) shutting We must by with Genetically-modified foods have the potential to solve many of the worlds hunger and malnutrition problems, and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides.Yet there are many challenges ahead for governments, especially in the areas of safety testing, regulation, internationalis t policy and food labeling. Many people feel that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future and that we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such enormous potential benefits. However, we must proceed with caution to distract causing unintended harm to human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology.

Automobile? The Main Source of Pollution? Essay

Innovation and creativity, these atomic number 18 the in truth benchmarks that pave the way in producing newfangled technology that g everywherens the very lives of our future. But the question is, is it doing more than harm than sound to society? To verify the nature and essence of this query, I result be inquiring and delving into the world of moves and motorcycles. On one hand, I balance the redbrick wonders that craft the very definitions of convenience and comfort. While on the another(prenominal), I collapse the unfathom adequate to(p) realities that draw the line between useful and harmful. Therefore, let it be stated that I nominate come to an beneathstanding that some(prenominal) automobiles and motorcycles correct a substantial threat the world is constantly ignoring. In look into this discussion, I will begin by number 1 illustrating the statistics on self-possession of automobiles and motorcycles made in the United States. Then, I shall be focusing on the comparison between the subjects and issues that society deals with regard to automobiles and motorcycles by citing some examples in Southeast Asia. Lastly, I will emphasize the k this instantn facts and matters that give force on the current view of automobiles in the society. To start with, it is acknowledged that attest ownership of the automobiles is increasing day by day.According to the US place of Transit Statistics for 2004 in that respect ar a total of 243,023,485 registered passenger vehicles in the U.S. of which 136,430,651 (56.13%) argon classified as autos. While 91,845,327 (37.79%) are classified under 2 axles and 4 tire vehicles, presumably SUVs and pick-up trucks. Yet other 6,161,028 (2.53%) are classified as vehicles with 2 axles and 6 tires and 2,010,335 (0.82%) are classified as trucks in combination. In addition to that, there are round 5,780,870 motorcycles in the U.S. in 2004, which accounts for 2.37% of all registered passenger vehicles. With the incre asing number of automobiles yearly, there is a plan to translate an effective way of reducing the sacks from cars by dint of hybrids, diesel and other form of technology. Recent studies show that automobile emanations are not as bad as motorcycles emissions. Usually, motorcycles are not the major(ip) form of transportations in developed countries. Astonishingly, the Ameri quarter Chemical Society reports that motorcycles collectively emit 16 times more hydro speed of lights, three times more carbon monoxide and a disproportionately high amount of other ambiance pollutants compared to passenger cars ( light Daily, 2008). The study, by the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, has found both two- and four-cycle motorcycle engines emitted significantly more of these pollutants than automobile engines.Given this data, we can now visualise the ineffectiveness of motorcycles. Given the sitting capacity of a car compared to a motorcycle, a car is able to h old twice as much sitting capacity compared to motorcycles. In developing countries such as Indonesia, the number of motorcycles is overwhelming compared to the number of automobiles. Being born in Surabaya, Indonesia, I necessitate witnessed some of the worst air pollution that I postulate ever encountered. It has been so bad to an extent that I can see dust on my front porch every ten minutes upon suck it clean Although, there have been seen steps taken to reduce the emissions in automobiles, regulations has been a bit late for motorcycles. This does not take into account the other subjects related to pollution such as air contamination, water contamination, commonwealth contamination, and solid waste mishandling ( L. Gari, 475 488).Un alike automobile emissions that have been regulated only afterward 1970s, the motorcycle emissions have only been regulated only after 1999. This technical advancement has made motorcycles less harmful to the environs. Thus, future bikes may have emissions from new motorcycles at a akin level of emissions as cars. For example, the 1000cc Suzuki V-Strom produced in 2002, equipped with a regulated catalyzer, oxygen sensor and fuel injection, complies with 2003 emissions limits and is very close to the 2006 ones (Motorcycle Emission, 2008).It is also said that they have trim down 60% of the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons emissions of new four-stroke bikes produced from the 1st April 2003 and reinforcing it on 1st January 2006. This will in bout apply a further 50% reduction compared to the 2003 limits. Two-stroke engines will see their emissions output reduce by 30% for carbon oxide and 70% for hydrocarbons. Hopefully, motorcycles will have low level of oxides of north and limits will remain the same for 2003 giving the time for the diligence to achieve more drastic nitrogen oxide measures for 2006. With this at hand, Indonesia air pollution would be drastically reduced. Automobiles and motorcycles affect our envi ronment and push them into critical conditions. There are even unusual emissions that are produced in the atmosphere (Beychok, 29 36). Pollutants from automobiles are the major causes for one thousand raise effects and other environmental pollutions. Although capital of Thailand is praised with their three-wheeled vehicles whose name comes from the pop sound produced by their horribly polluting two-stroke engines, tuk-tuks look like beat-up golf carts with roofs and backseats and function as inner-city taxis (Hertsgaard, 1999).Unfortunately, tuk-tuks and motorbikes, in terms of mobility, are undercut by their abnormal tailpipe flummox that burn a fuel that is small-arm gasoline, part benzene. Benzene of course causes cancer and each flick of a number one woods wrist sends thick puffs of bluish-white smoke into the already soup like air (Hertsgaard, 1999). Though the presence of tuk-tuks created many jobs as a tuk-tuk number one wood for the people in Bangkok, it also cost t hem their health as stretch breathing of benzene causes cancer. Nowadays, diesel cars are scrubbed than the petrol cars. red-brick technologies have been applied in order to reduce the level of emission from cars. For example, carbon dioxide emissions are directly proportional to fuel consumption, and as diesel cars use 30 to 40% less fuel and they emit 30 to 40% less carbon dioxide than petrol cars (Vasic and Weilenmann, 149 154). On the other hand, inbred gas and LPG cars are actually quite fuel inefficient, if otherwise cleaner burning, and so produce more CO2 than diesel.Diesel engines produce intimately no carbon monoxide. Emissions of nitrous oxides can be effectively reduced in both petrol and diesel cars by use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). EGR reduces the combustion temperature to below the top where nitrogen effectively burns. Hydrocarbon emissions are contained in petrol engine emissions much more than in diesel engine emissions. Benzene is also present in th e fumes which can be smelt when filling up with petrol at a service station however this is not a problem with diesel. Personally, I strongly feel that it is necessary for everyone to get a car since it has a viable use in the lives of ordinary men and women. Moreover, cars have been viewed as a twentieth-century technology (Hertsgaard, 1999). Since the invention of automobiles, more and more industries associated with it have begun to expand. This in turn provides enormous employment opportunities to the people.With that, countries such as Thailand, China and Bangkok have soon started to welcome foreign automobile industries to invest in order to boost their economic progress. One great example of this specific event is the success story of Thailand. Over the past two decades, Thailands per capita income in 1991 was U.S$ 1,570a stunning six fold increase over the 1971 figure of U.S$271 making Thailand an apparent economic success story (Hertsgaard, 1999). With a sudden massive eco nomic growth in an automobile industry as have been seen, there comes a price that everyone has to pay. In conclusion, not only automobiles emissions is held scapegoat to many people near the world for global warming and the increase of greenhouse gases, certain factors such as the massive motorcycles emissions are also partly to blame. Both the automobile and motorcycles affect our environment and push them into critical conditions such as the green house effects and other environmental pollutions.Overall, I agree with Hertsgaard when he made a strong point that proponents of the car like to point out, as the Mobil Corporation did in a 1995 advertisement in the unseasoned York Times, that the cars and skies in the United States are much cleaner now than they were a quarter of a century ago(Hertsgaard, 1999). This statement he makes inspires the constitutional environmentalist out there that their efforts have not gone too waste.WORKS CITEDScienceDaily.Amounts of Air Pollutants. March 21, 2008http//www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060101155000.htmU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Automobile Emissions An Overview. August, 1994 1-5. 21 March, 2008http//www.epa.gov/OMS/consumer/05-autos.pdfBeychok, Milton R. (January 1987). A Database for Dioxin and Furan Emissions from Refuse Incinerators. Atmospheric Environment 21 (1) 29-36Christi, The faithfulness About Diesel Emissions Freds Tdi Forum 21 March, 2008http//www.stealthtdi.com/Emissions.htmlResearch and advanced(a) Technology Administration (RITA). Estimated National Average vehicle Emissions Rates per vehicle by Vehicle Type using Reformulated accelerator and Diesel.U.S. Department of pane (US DOT) Nov. 29, 2007. 21 March, 2008 .Hertsgaard , Mark . Earth Odyssey Around the World in hunt club of Our Environmental Future . New York Broadway Books, 1999.Gari. Arabic Treatises on Environmental defilement up to the End of the Thirteenth Century, Environment and History 8 (4), 2002, pp. 475-488Mo torcycle Emissions Bikes Go Greener. British Motorcyclists Federation 30 Sep, 2004.21 March, 2008 http//www.bmf.co.uk/pages/briefing_room_archive.php?fullstory=432rider Vehicles in the United States. Wikipedia 27 February 2008 21 March, 2008 .Vasic, Ana -Marija and Martin Weilenmann. Comparison of Real-World Emissions. Environmental Science&Technology 402006 149-154. 21 March, 2008 .Self-evaluation Upon starting this search, I experienced several setbacks and challenges. It took me a total of 3 days of researching and 2 days to complete the essay. The first thing which I did in this essay was the search for good witnesser information for this research. This was hard as I have to be able to find data which preferably have a range of 10 years. Secondly, I read the Top Ten Tips on the transition and brainy beginnings and I really can see myself being a correct writer with it. The last and final step was for me to put all the information down and start writing followed by proofread ing. For this research only managed to do a single draft and I did not get the attend to of any body except the tools of Microsoft words such as its thesaurus and dictionary.I believe that my strong and insightful data on the emission outputs of automobiles and motorcycles are the strengths of my essay. In addition to that I believe that my essay is light-colored because of proofreading problems. One of the primary problems that I have with this essay was that I have to retype everything again due to a computer problem. The essay was supposed to be done on my lap top. However, it crashed and I am unable to patronage my data causing me to lose come information that can jock me with this essay. One thing that I would do next time is unimpeachably to start earlier and have a visit to Dr Lankford office to require him on his views on my current ideas for the essay. I would definitely rewrite this essay for the second time in hope to have at least a B+/- for this course as it depe nded on this essay.ReferencesVehicle ratios since 1990 categoryMotorvehiclesIncreasein vehicles% Growth19901892+1.011991188-1-0.5219921902+1.0619931944+2.1019941984+2.0619952024+2.0219962064+1.9819972084+1.9419982080+/-019992168+3.8420002182+0.9220012268+3.6620022304+1.7620032311+0.43All numbers in millionsSOURCE US Department of TransportationEstimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates per Vehicle by Vehicle Type using Reformulated Gasoline and Diesel (Grams per mile)1995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007RFG (assuming 100% RFG) Light-duty vehiclesExhaust HC1.451.281.151.040.970.840.760.680.620.550.470.410.38Nonexhaust HC0.890.870.860.840.820.640.630.610.590.570.540.510.47Total HC2.342.152.011.881.781.481.391.291.211.121.020.9210.852Exhaust CO22.7820.8419.4318.2517.2115.3614.6813.8813.1712.4911.449.819.29Exhaust NOx1.781.641.551.461.351.241.191.121.061.000.900.770.72DIESELLight-duty vehiclesExhaust HC0.770.790.810.810.820.800.760.730.730.600.580.480.36Exhaust CO 1.691.731.761.781.791.781.751.731.741.591.571.411.21Exhaust NOx1.891.891.881.861.851.811.721.621.541.431.321.110.85KEYCO = carbon monoxide HC = hydrocarbon NOx = nitrogen oxide RFG = reformulated gasoline.SOURCEU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, person-to-person communication, Nov. 29, 2007.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Favorite teacher Essay

My favorite instructor is Mrs. Auguste. She is a great teacher because she is nice and cargons for her students. Mrs. Auguste is one teacher that will listen to her students and help them with problems that usurpt retri only ifive include her fleshroom studies. If I ever lay claim up to talk to someone just about anything shes always there. Mrs. Auguste will be greatly missed when I leave after 12th grade. She has been with Miami capital of Mississippi Senior High School for a couple of years and is rattling deserving of this honor. You are an exceptional teacher. When I first met you in look for class you were cool and very down to earth.I love you non further as a teacher but as family. Whenever I and Stephanie need advice you unploughed it real with us. You were the further one of my teachers who truly understand me. While other teachers do teach their classes well, you teach in a fun and exciting way. You help me learn by making your class a great learning experi ence and engaging at the like time. Even when I already had lunch and still was hungry you would viands me. Food is the best way to my heart but you already exist that I consider you a second mom to me. You are caring, very funny, honest, loyal and loving.There was never a dull moment in your class. One event that I still remember was when me,Stephenie, and Melissa were school term at our favorite lab station and Keivonnis came over and started bothering us and me and him started arguing, you kept saying yall like each other and I kept denying and me and Stephenie started laughing and called you palm tree because you had a retwist. That was the funniest day in your class but there were plenty more. We had good laughs from the start of class to the end. I use to come in class twerking everywhere LOL I loved your class and now I miss it.I just wanted to say thank you for existence such a wondrous educator as well as a person. From the first day, I came into your class and experi enced your way of teaching I knew that this was going to be a very fun and interesting class. Ever since I was in high school, I looked at Research as just being another subject that I had to pass. However, since being in your class I have seen the importance of science. I have learned that it is not only essential and beneficial. I love your demeanor of teaching. Most teachers just take the material given to them and give it to the student expecting them to understand fully.These teachers are the ones who visualize education and learning as a one-way street, however you are opposite. You are the true representation of a great educator. You care about the understanding of your students and actually are open to learn from them. You are the only teacher I know that puts up with my craziness. Others think Im being rude when I am really not but you know my intentions and I love you for that. I wish you the best of great deal with everything. I love you and Im going to miss you when I graduate but you are stuck with me for another year. Im really glad I met you. Sincerely, Your daughter from another mother Alexus

Underlying Meanings within Children Stories

Underlying Meanings within Children Stories People enjoy a good grade. More measurablely, children enjoy their fairytales. However, many of these stories have more unwhole many underlying meanings. Everyone should know, or at least be vaguely familiar with, the cute news report of Winnie the Pooh and his friends in the vitamin C Acre Woods. What mess may non know, or may not have figured out, is that this particular storys dark messages argon noetic disorders. Each character in Winnie the Pooh, according The Perfectionist, author of a biomedical blog, has a different mental disorder.Are these disorders going to affect the way kids view early(a)s and themselves? The initial story overseas telegram of Disneys 2011 Winnie the Pooh is innocent enough. The movie starts off with the introduction of a boyish boy named Christopher redbreast who has, as the narrator understands, a very quick imagination. However, Christopher robin redbreast may have more than just that. He dis plays the car park characteristics of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a condition in which one has trouble shaping the line with perception of reality.Common symptoms, according to the medical dictionary, be delusions, hall(a)ucinations, and hearing voices base on the persons behavior. All of Christopher Robins friends are depictions of his stuffed animals coming to life. He talks and interacts with them and each character responds back appropriately. We are next introduced to Pooh. This is Christopher Robins best friend. Winnie the Pooh is a bear who is so obsessed with food, in particular honey, that he can be assort with an eating disorder.His ordered desire for honey interrupts his daily activities by not allowing him to think of other things besides filling his tummy. He thinks virtually it in his dreams, during the day, and even date he is attempting to complete another task. He makes eating his biggest priority. The first case of this in the movie is the very first g limpse we think into the Hundred Acre Woods. Pooh is talking in his sleep to the highest degree honey, suggesting that that is what he is dreaming about. He then is woken up and the first thing he sets out to do is get honey.This priority is evident throughout the entire movie man he is trying to get honey from his friends or get some honey w presentver he possibly can, with little to no take care to how he obtains it will affect his friends. While Pooh is searching for honey, for he had hold on out, he hears the grumbling sigh of his friend, Eyore. Eyore can easily be classified as clinically depressed. Depression is displayed by always feeling black or sad. The first time Pooh and Eyore come together, this constant gloominess is apparent. Pooh greets him with a Good morning. Lovely day, isnt it? and Eyore promptly responds with Wish I could say yes in his typical bummed out manner. Eyore becomes more hopeless when he discovers his lose tail. This is the very important thing that everyone is the Hundred Acre Woods essential do, they must help Eyore find his tail, or a tail. It is at this point snoot flies in. Owl is characterized as having Narcissistic genius Disorder. Narcissistic Personality disorder is an obsession with one egotism. There is an exaggeration in the importance of the self and the belief that they are exponentially unique and need constant approval and admiration of others.Owl enters the scene interrupting Pooh and Eyore with the need to bring the attention of his friends to him. He perches himself in a tree and announces that this is the tree where he was hatched and all about the marks his mother made on the tree. He begins to write his book. He titles chapter one The birth of a Genius. Pooh interrupts this important work by communicate him to help find Eyores tail and feeds Owls vanity by saying he has such a talent for communicate and telling them what to do. Of course, Owl quickly recognizes his own importance in this and takes the pass to finding Eyores tail.Pooh is nailing up signs announcing that there is a very important thing to do when Tigger pounces in at a red fly that is floating well-nigh nearby. The Perfectionist diagnoses Tigger with having ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). ADHD cause a person to have trouble paying attention and be evermore over-active. Tigger goes from fighting with the balloon, to playing, to being acrophobic of it, and to being worried something will occur to it if it is his sidekick, all within the span of about 1 minute. Also, from the moment he enters the scene to the very end, he does ot stop moving or talking. Pooh goes to Christopher Robins house in search of some honey to percent but finds a note. He cannot read the note so he takes the note to Owl to be deciphered. Owl is, of course, more than happy to be the one selected to decode the meaning of this note. However, he misinterprets the note. He thinks that back curtly is a monster called the Backsoon and that Christopher Robin has been captured by this creature. This sets off piggys Panphobia. Panphobia is a disorder that makes a person overly fearful.They are afraid of basically everything but especially the unknown. The fact that this monster is lurking around gives Piglet the shakes. While scope up the trap for the Backsoon to capture him and get Christopher Robin back, it becomes apparent that Rabbit also suffers a mental disorder psychoneurotic Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is a disorder that causes obsessive thought about a ritual that must be performed or to adhere to rules with unforgiving acuteness. If these things are not completed then it causes the person extreme anxiety.When setting everything up for the trap, Rabbit made sure everything was just so and that zippo interfered with what has been done. Christopher Robin came back, much to their surprise, and explained that he had gone out and that he would be back soon. After that was settled, Pooh w ent back to Owls house to see if he would have some honey but when he sawing machine the bell rope was actually Eyores tail and Owl had interpreted it by mistake Pooh rushed the tail to Eyore and won a regard as pot of honey for finding his tail. There is obviously a lesson here about putting your friends first when Pooh denies honey to return the tail to Eyore.However, when children are watching this and they see characters with symptoms of these disorders, does it make them more tolerable when they are around friends at school with these same issues? Winnie the Pooh is not the only childrens story with madness as a twist for example, the original Grim Brothers Fairytales and Alice in Wonderland. It could serve as an exposure for children to be more accepting differences among the people around them. As it is put in Alice in Wonderland, we are all mad here.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Dramatic Tension in “The Royal Hunt of the Sun” Essay

How does Shaffer nominate and role salient focus in The Royal Hunt of the fair weather and to what effect?The Royal Hunt of the Sun is a gripping reckon ab verboten the journey of the Spanish army sent to conquer Peru, and the improbable acquaintances that are formed. Shaffer puddles dramatic tightness with a number of techniques such as the use of Martin to narrate the story to the reference, a unique and powerful use of sounds, and the use of symbolic prop up and negotiation scenes that create dramatic chaff. He also employs a number of methods to show the severalizes and similarities of holiness, culture and philosophy mingled with the Inca and Spanish armies.Shaffer initi completelyy uses Martins narration to foreshadow the ensuing mordant events. Old Martin generates the hearings attention at the very go about of the extend by saying This story is about ruin. This creates dramatic irony and suggests a treacherous and threatening atmosphere. In The Mime of the Great wage increase Old Martin speaks about the tribulation the army faced we crept forward deal blind men, the sweat freezing on our faces in order to get in the sympathy of the auditory sense. Old Martins emotions are showed in different slipway throughout the play, Look at the warrior where he struts salvation in his immature spurs. One of the knights at last.Here Shaffer uses Old Martins cynicism and bitterness to overdraw the loss of Young Martins innocence and childhood and gain the empathy of the audience. As the story unfolds, the reason for Old Martins pessimism becomes clear to the audience, I went out into the night and dropped my premier tears as a man faithfulness never came again. Here Shaffer uses Old Martins reflection on his knightly as a window through which the audience can empathise how Martins broken youth shaped him as a man, and uses naive realism to involve then in the action onstage, creating suspense.Shaffer makes use of stage directions, which play a big part in revealing the symbolism of the performance, and creating dramatic tension. The use of Tropical bid cries throughout the play creates a good and threatening atmosphere, and hints at the power Atahuallpa has over Peru and the Spanish army. During the climb of the Spanish Army to reach the city, Shaffer usesan eerie, cold music made from the thin whimper of huge saws. This creates an unnerving atmosphere, putting the audience on edge. Symbolic props also play a large part in creating contrastive moods throughout the performance.Four black crucifixes, sharpened to resemble swords are put on the back wall, criticizing the hypocrisy of the church, and the use of religion as a pretext for killing whilst representing the conflicted and violent theme. During the course of the play, Shaffer uses the imagery of the golden cheerfulness which is placed at the back of the stage. Diego drives his halberd into a slot in wiz of the rays. This symbolizes the destruction of t he Inca empire, and once again sound is used to create tension when The sun gives a deep groan, like the sound of a with child(p) animal being wounded. Here the personification of the sun creates sympathy and leniency amongst the audience.Peter Shaffer uses scenes of duologue amongst the main characters to give the audience an perspicacity into the relationships between them, and create dramatic irony. During the play there are moments where Pizarro is merely with Young Martin, and speaks to him in confidence here the audience is encouraged to interpret with the characters predicaments and anxieties. When Pizarro warns Young Martin that the Army is Nothing but years of Us against Them the audience becomes aware of the extreme differences in their opinions and views, which creates great tension and unrest between the characters. Shaffer enables Pizarro to freely suggest the extent of is own greed and betrayal during his duologue scenes with Martin, if the time ever came for you to harry me, Id rip you too, calorie-free as look at you.Here Shaffer creates more tension, causing the audience to question Pizarros loyalty to Martin, whilst hinting at the slightly more malicious and spiteful side to Pizarro. The duologue scenes between Pizarro and Atahuallpa allow the audience to catch the fragile and personal characteristics of the otherwise powerful, dominant male figures. At first Atahuallpa shows his lack of distrust in Pizarro when proclaiming him dish angiotensin converting enzymest you have no cuss to give. Atahuallpa takes a leap of faith and trusts his captor, to the surprise of the audience, creating an uneasy and loathsome atmosphere. You make me laugh (In sudden wonder) You make me laugh It is at this pip in the play that Pizarro realizes he has formed a genuine friendshipwith Atahuallpa, and the audience feels the tension rise once again as Pizarro is squeeze to decide the fate of Atahuallpa.A main theme of the play is the contrast between t he Inca and Spanish cultures. Atahuallpa is nearly always shown sitting high up in front of the golden sun, showing his power and authority, whereas the Spaniards wore heavy, clumsy clothing, which symbolizes their rigourousness in the foreign land, and their ignorance of other cultures. Domingo says God-dammed place. Im starting to rust. This could insinuate of the immorality and true objectives of their journey. The Spanish consider Atahuallpa to be just one savage when in fact he is the core of the Inca society, this is shown throughout the play. Atahuallpa finds it unenviable to understand the Spanish way of life as the Incan religion and society was built on concepts and simplicity rather than material wealthiness and gain, creating tension.Despite many differences, both religions believe in a compulsive being who would rise from the dead. Until Pizarro met Atahuallpa, he had lost faith in all conventional religion, and exclaimed, Im going to die And the thought of that s ick has rotted everything for me. Atahuallpa gave him a new sense of belonging and introduced him to the Inca religion, Believe in me. I will give a word and fill you with joy. Pizarro put in this concept very attractive and was instantly fascinated by Atahuallpa. This creates tension and increases the audiences interest in the story. The great contrasts between the twain cultures and the similarities between the two men create a sense of mystery story and rising tension as the story continues, this is greatened by the audiences knowledge that Pizarro will have to kill Atahuallpa.Shaffer uses stages directions, imagery, sound and narration to create an ongoing sense of tension throughout the play, it is extremely effective. I in particular enjoy his use of duologue scenes to create tension and allow the audience to gain an insight into the story.

Learning and Memory Essay

If peerless were to explain what it is to learn something new, they would accreditedly mention recollection somewhere in their explanation. As well as if someone was to explain memory, they certainly would call for information mentioned in their explanation. This is beca use up culture and memory go come about in hand. When one learns, they store what they learned in their memory whether it is suddenly term or yen term. It would go without saying that memory and eruditeness has to do with the question, hence the importance of nurtureing ones idea functioning properly by insuring proper stimulant and continuously learnedness new things.Now, the ability to learn and to memorize what is learned stems from variant argonas of the whizz. The mentality is a bankrupt of an item-by-items neuroanatomy. Neuroanatomy refers to the structure of the head-in-the-clouds schema. The unquiet system is made up of different parts. Those parts be low-spirited up by having the mai n one being the nervous system, and thus it is divided by the central nervous system brain and spinal cord on one end. The other ends ar much more than complex and, consist of the peripheral nervous system which then branches bump off to other ones.These severally control different parts of the nervous system and give the ability for people to sleep, eat or learn. The part of our nervous system that pertains to learnedness is the brain. The part in the brain that stand bys with learning is called the genus Hippocampus. The hippocampus is in the limbic system. It is the part of the brain where the learning that people do in day to day disembodied spirit takes place. acquirement is a neurobiological that is valu satisfactory to graciouss and being able to be conscious.The communication that happens among guggleular neuroanatomical structures and their abilities to repeat neurophysiologic activities is combined as a profit of neural activity. These things build out in the cortex and create different types of learning for people. The movement that is ongoing changes in the synaptic atomic number 18a of the nerves. These active activities convey the synaptic connectors stronger with the result of the continuous activity and then this creates memories that process an individual learn and remember what they occupy learned.It has been taught that learning is non singled out to one certain bea of the brain itself. The cerebral cortex is where all the learning is. When a person is learning to read, walk, or talk it occurs here. One of the some different neural processes involved in learning is the synaptic inputs that occur in the brain. When a synaptic input in a certain neuron is combined with two different synapse then it creates a long term depression or a long term printed memory, this is something that occurs and has been cognize to create learning involved with motor sciences.Learning is mainly all a process that one learns through the brain with the use of genuine conditioning and also instrumental conditioning. Our brains respond to the m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) different things that argon in a humans surroundings. In the process of a humans learning new things is by the development of a neuron and its effectiveness to make new synaptic connections or reinforcing the dominances of the neurons that are already in place. The relationship between learning and memory has been a subject of much debate among psychologists, teachers, and beau monde in general for many age now.It is what we learn and how we learn it that is accountable for how we live in the homo and how we deal with the world around us. Learning has been a fundamental part of our survival ever since Cro-Magnon man. He/she had to learn how to make spears, sharp points, eve mastering the bow and arrow was important to the survival and the spread of the human species. Why, though, if humanity has so much experience in learning, then wher efore do we forget things? The brain is the organ that is responsible for what we call the mind.It is the floor for thinking, feeling, wanting, perceiving, learning and memory, curiosity, and behavior. Memory is a fundamental mental process, and without memory we are capable of nothing but simple reflexes and stereotyped behaviors (Okano, 2000). Both the brain and memory are responsible for our learning. The brain assists us in computing out a solution to the chore and to solve it. Our memory is responsible for storing that information within our brains in case we ever deficiency it for a later date, or if we ever need to apply it to another problem which is similar.During this learning process, our brain is communicating with that section of our mind that is responsible for memorizing methods, actions, and procedures for purpose a solution to a given problem. Since our memory is only a mental process and not a supercomputer like the brain, it stands to reason that our memories need to recall different types of information using dissimilar methods. We define memory as a behavioral change caused by an experience, and define learning as a process for acquiring memory. According to these definitions, there are different kinds of memory.Some memories, such as those concerning events and facts, are available to our consciousness this type of memory is called declarative memory. However, another type of memory, called procedural memory, is not available to consciousness. This is the memory that is needed, for example, to use a previously learned skill (Okano, 2000). When someone is learning something, they assume that they are acquiring the knowledge to compile a paper or to build a chair. Actually, all a person is really doing is creating memories for them to recall the information.While we are in the process of creating these memories, our brains are at work in determining the best shipway to store them in our memories. This might be learning a put of mu sic by only playing the 3rd or quaternate notes, or by building a chair by commencement with top first instead of the bottom. Each persons brain is different from another person so each method of attracttal to memory would be different. This theory has been proven using animals that work together. For instance, one taxonomic group of birds, the oscines or true songbirds, all learn to sing by imitation.To produce biologically functional songs, they need to hear examples of species songs during development, which they commit to memory. They subsequently perfect their song performance by ear and are capable of using both memorized material as well as songs of birds they can hear to produce an acceptable species song (Okano, 2000). Birds, and other animals, have shget that they use memory in order to learn a skill or to work together to achieve a common destination or result. The ability to apply the right knowledge effectively is an important skill and the cornerstone of our succes s, because we live in the Knowledge Age.People who have not used a computer in 10 years to find an article on the Internet definitely understand strength of knowledge and learning. Learning develops interesting people. Knowledge enables us to have different perspectives, fascinating conversation and a deeper understanding. It makes us well rounded remedy people it allows us to make better, informed decisions and assists us in decent more successful in our lives and careers. Technology has made our lives become refrain paced the advancement of technology has boosted the pace of our lives, and requires us to learn something new each day just to stay current in the workplace.The days on-the-job training is something we can no longer rely on companies can no longer be the basis to provide the necessity education. We must seek out more education just to keep up. Its advantageous for everyone to make time for learning, seek out their own opportunities, use available resources wisely, and find new resources. Our children are a practised example of how fast technology has annexd the need for learning. They our learning how to use technology much earlier than we ever did, it seems like they are innate(p) with the ability to operate a computer. wittiness stimulation can help with Parkinsons disease, chronic pain, Major depression, and Tourette syndrome. Stimulating the brain helps to relieve symptoms of these conditions when medications are not working or have major side effects. The stimulation can help people with Parkinsons disease to manage their symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. question stimulation has produced impressive results with some patients with chronic pain, some patients are virtually pain free after treatment and even released from the hospital.Brain stimulation has been found to significantly decrease depression and increase in function. Although highly experimental, brain stimulation has had success. Patients experience reduction in tics and the disappearing of obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Lifelong learning and brain stimulation helps to manage and experience a symptom which increases life longevity and character reference of life for the patients. Patients who take place to learn and stimulate their minds increase life longevity and fiber of life because they are able to eliminate medications which can have very malign side effects.These medications can actually shorten life and decrease quality of life because of the side effects. Taking medication out of the treatment of any kind go out always increase life longevity and quality life. Most of all any time a patient is able to manage and relive symptoms, their life longevity and quality of life will have a great increase. As must as society tells us our physical up keep is so important for our health and life longevity, it would seem keep care of our brain is just as important as well.The brain is a muscle, and it is a part o f our nervous system. It controls our breathing, eating, learning, memory, and so much more. Keeping care of our brains allows an individual to learn, remember things, and increase their life longevity as well. It would not seem that is keeping up on learning and remembering what we have learned will make us live longer, however this is how this muscle is exercised It can also help control and care for ones mental defects as well. It would seem, no matter what someone is wanting to believe, learning is never finishedREFERENCES Fernandez, A. (2011). Brain Health Business Grows With Research and Demand. Retrieved from http//www. sharpbrains. com/blog/2008/05/20/brain-health-business-grows-with-research-and-demand/ Lopez-Hernandez E. and Solis, H. (2012). Proceedings of the content Academy of Applied Sciences. Retrieved from http//www. pnas. org/content/97/23/12403. full Okano, H. (2000). Learning and memory. Retrieved from http//www. pnas. org/content/97/23/12403. full Pinel, J. P. J . (2009). Biopsychology (7th ed. ). Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Macbeth: Fate vs. Free Will Essay

Throughout the ages, it has been seed that mint has the power to forge matchlesss muckle. By some mutinous force, the out lift of a persons choices is controlled by the mien in which they are destined to occur. On the other hand though, some send off these choices can defy compulsion and that dowry only when manipulates virtuosos mind into choosing their throw path. One question that seemed to pop into my head by dint of out this play was whether individuals were victims of compulsion or their I sustain choices, or if each aspect plays a significant part in determine their destiny. In the play Macbeth, William Shakespeare plays most with the idea of fate, placing the destiny of Macbeth before him, only allowing his own inspirations and desires to drive him insane in order to achieve it. However, at the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a heavy man. all the alike he decides to commit, non one or to two, unless a series of unsound actions that onl y he had the power to control.Fate, a powerful source intellection to control all events, even a persons destiny. If fate were to be real, then the proceeds of a persons (Macbeths) aliveness would be inevitable. If the concept of fate was true, from the moment of birth your life would brace already been planned out and you are helpless to change it. The questions that seemed to, and til now does, taunt me was Was Macbeth really a victim of fate? and Did the choices he do produce some sort of impact on the outcome of his destiny? In Shakespeares Macbeth, there is a constant looming of these two questions. Macbeth had been condition all these prophecies, that all seemed to come true, entirely he also compete a big role in those because of the decisions he made. Macbeth is in no way under a spell or curse he chose to create a path of evil for himself.The ability for Macbeth to choose his own fate appeared as soon as he decided to check out and listen to the witches. He repre sented us that what they were grammatical construction was important to him when in the scratchborn act he says, Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more. (Act I, scene i, line 70). onwards Macbeth actually came upon the witches, he was clueless to what would happen in the nearby future. Yet after his encounter with the witches, his mind was going sustain and forth act to figure out how he should act upon the presage of becoming great power It was by then that the idea of fate had been planted into his head, and with such good title to come with it, why wouldnt he want to believe his fate? Something that I lay out very interesting about the witches was that face closely at line 24-25 when one of the witches says, Though his bark can non be lost, yet it shall be tempest-tossed.From what I seemed to understand, these lines seemed to really show the limitations to the witches powers, because they were basically proverb that they could only make life rough for the clueless captain, but they could non despatch him. I call up that this is really important to all the mess who thought that the witches had written out Macbeths fate because in the same way as the previous stated scene they can determine Macbeth with predictions about his future, but they cannot make him choose evil. Meaning that in this scene, one of the conflicts is obviously fate vs. free pass on All the witches really did was find a way of set upring up evil, by tempting Macbeth into choosing to opt for evil instead of good. If ascertain will have me king, why, chance may crown me, without my stir. (Act 1. shot iii. Line 10). Here, Macbeth seems content to leave his future to chance.If chance will have him crowned king, then theres no reason for Macbeth to stir or lift a finger against tycoon Duncan (or anyone else) in order to make things happen. The Prince of Cumberland that is a step on which I must fall down, or else oer leap, for in my way it lies. Stars hide your fires let not lights see my black and mystical desires the affection wink at the hand yet let that be, which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. (Act 1. Scene iv. Line 4) Back at the previous quote I had quoted, Macbeth seemed dexterous to sit back and let his fate unfold. But, once he learnt that powerfulness Duncan had named Malcolm the Prince of Cumberland and heir to the crown of Scotland, Macbeth decides that he must take action or, ignore what now appears to block his path to the throne.He acknowledges that his desires are black and deep so its obvious that hes decided to commit murder in order to make the witches prophesy come true. now lets take a step back and think Was Macbeths downfall ca apply by fate or free will? One way of looking at this argument could be by saying in the play, the outer forces could have controlled Macbeth. After all, the three witches prophesized that Macbeth would make king. (1.3.4) They also knew the exact circumstances of Macbeths downfall (4.1.8), which could suggest that Macbeth had no control over his own fate. But on the other hand, in the play we intelligiblyly saw Macbeth planning the murders, and then make his own choices and put his plans into action. And this is of course his own free will. He decides it. I for one believe that it was hiss free will the whole clip, that the witches fate started a spark in Macbeths ambitions, which caused him to go out of his mind and short whatever part of is sanity that was left.A quote that I found to back up my reasoning to this was when Macbeth says, I am settled, and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show false face must hide what the false heart doth know. I think here it really shows us that Macbeth was not controlled by his fate, but by his free will. I say this because, the witches never really utter anything to Macbeth about murdering Duncan, or Banquo in order to make the prediction come true, Macbeth did th ought that all by himself. I think that it shows us that it wasnt fate for Macbeth to get the throne, his own actions got him the throne in ways that the witches had not ever mentioned. I would like to go back to a transportation I had previously quoted, Though his bark cannot be lost, yet it shall be tempest-tossed.I think that this quote is very important because this is where we are shown that the witches arent as powerful as though to be All this time people thought that the witches had written out Macbeths fate, but none of them ever mental blockped to think of how powerful the witches truly were. As I had previously stated, here the witches seem to be saying that they could not kill the sailor, but they could make life a living-hell for him. This shows that mayhap the witches didnt have any fate planned for Macbeth, they were just looking for somewhere to stir up conflict and saw the perfect opportunity with Macbeth. I ungenerous after all they are withes, stirring up troub le comes in the job description. The witches knew that Macbeth was an ambitious man, that all he really needed was to be riposten a little pushWhen the witches told Macbeth about their so called prophecy, but in reality all it really was what he valued to hear. If Macbeth was a wise and noble (as we had heard he was) then maybe he would have taken the time to actually consider that what they were saying was meaningless. Instead, he let the prophecy get into his head and let it give a push to the already present ambition he had for power. To wrapper up this essay, I would like to answer the 2 questions that had been hanging around in my head Was Macbeth really a victim of fate? And did the choices he made have some sort of impact on the outcome of his destiny? After looking over all the details from my essay, it became clear to me that Macbeth was not a victim of fate. Like I had previously stated, the witches had only planted the idea into his head because stirring up trouble was their nature, but that does not mean it meant anythingMacbeth always had tat little piece of ambition inside of him, the one in which he dreamt of being king and Thane of Cawdor, because back in the Elizabethan times titles were important I think that Macbeth used the prophecy to take the guilt away from the ambition he was feeling. He used it to guide himself, but no part of it had to do with fate It was all Macbeths free will. The witches gave him something to think of as his future, but it was naught set in concrete. Throughout the play, Macbeth kept building onto his fate, believe that fate was fate and that either way he couldnt anything to stop it. Every time he killed someone, he did it because he thought that he had to kill those that stood in the way of his fate.All the choices Macbeth made impacted his future, and no, it was not because of fate. It was because Macbeth had a spark of ambition, which was rubbed against a prophesised fate that then turned into a huge disast er. Overall, I believe that Macbeth was responsible for what happened during every second of his life, and that fate was not leading him to his destiny. I do believe that after a while Macbeth started to loose his mind and forget what he was doing in the first place. I think that the theme of Fate vs. Reality is crucial in this play, because it really gives us an understandidng to Macbeth and his personality.

Nike Marketing Essay

IntroductionFormer University of surgery chase coach and co-founder of Nike Bill Bowerman once verbalize If you have a body, you ar an athlete (Nike Inc., n.d.) It is this modality of thinking that describes the root of Nikes approach to merchandiseing. every person is a potential athlete or consumer. This is a mutual thinking in the realm of athletics but when Bill Bowerman said this, it was in direct reference to the garb indus separate out. From their grocery storeing strategies to their selling philosophies, Nike has civilise cardinal of the near recognizable and demanded names and logo ever. Nike, which is the name of the Greek Goddess of Victory, was born in 1972 when Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS) launched its initiative dented garment at the U.S. Olympic track and field trials. A former University of Oregon track team member Phil Knight constituted Blue Ribbon Sports.At Oregon, Knight was coached by the legendary Bill Bowerman and then went on to turn alumnus o f the Stanford School of Business. BRS was crafted in 1962 when Knight made a switch with Onitsuka Tiger Company, a Japanese shoe club, to import their billet to the fall in States. Knight had the idea to sell a low equal shoe with a very high quality, with high aspirations of taking Adidas out of the give spot in the athletic shoe market. In 1964, Bill Bowerman stubborn to join Knight as a partner at BRS to create a joint quest to be number one. Bowerman redesigned the Tiger fit out while Knight acted as the accountant/personal seller and the cardinal went on the road to sell their newly crafted sneakers at track meets and local shoe repositings. By 1966, Blue Ribbon Sports undefended its first store in Oregon, which is where Nike is lifelessness currently headquartered.Knight and Bowerman managed the store with the provided one employee, Jeff Johnson. By 1972 BRS was able to subcontract its own shoe line and began selling Nike Brand shoes. Over the next decade Nike e xpanded almost mental image its size each year from the previous year. BRS officially became Nike in 1978 and opened manufacturing plants all over the U.S. Nike was a household name for most athletes by early 1980s. Today, Nike is the worlds leading designer, maker and distributor of athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a series activities, as well as sports-inspired civic shoes.The lodges target market is in the Americas, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific, with its headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. Nike employs around 38,000 stack to produce footwear for running, training, basketball andsoccer use. The play along also sells tennis, golf, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities, hiking, outdoor activities and other athletic shoes. The company provides these products for men, women and children. As the leading global footwear stigmatize, Nike reported revenues of $7.0 billion for first quarter, 2014. credit of Target Market(s)In its beginning Nikes focus was primarily on track and field, and for the most part track athletes were their target market. One of the first individuals to endorse a Nike product was a man who exemplified their style and way of conducting business, Steve Prefontaine. Prefontaine was a household name in the late seventies and has kaput(p) down in history as one of the exceed Ameri place track and field athletes ever. Prefontaine was a friend of Knight and had been coached by Bowerman at the University of Oregon. Prefontaine embodied what Nike wanted as its differential advantage of other companies, collectable to his brash attitude, high endowment level, and cavalier mentality. This is why Steve Prefontaine and Nike were a ugly tandem in the early days of Nikes existence. Athletes are still currently the majority consumers of Nikes products.This is because of the usefulness that goes along with the items. Nike focuses on these consumers by means of agreements with sports team, college sponsorships, and endorsement with individual athletes. Through this, Nike is able to reach an huge number of consumers and clients who are likely to purchase their products. Nike pays particular focus on the athlete more(prenominal) than other individual consumers. However, a secondary market came to lively in the 1980s. During the period from 1985-1987, Nike dropped back down to number ii in the running of the shoe market. Sales had dropped off because the running elaborate of the late 70s and 80s had begun to diminish, the NBA was becoming increasingly marketable, and consumers tended to wear their court shoes on the street. (Katz, 1993) Nike began to nonice an entire market that the company had been avoiding, everyday athletic activities. These activities were things done by everyday masses and not righteous the serious athlete.Fortunately for Nike, in 1985 their star was brought to light by a rookie basketball player with amazing tal ent and a nice smile, his name is Michael Jordan. Jordan came to Nike at a time when the marketability of the NBA was increasing. NBA gameswere being nationally televised during prime time television hours and weekends. This gave Nike the perfect platform to develop and market their new star and the products that he endorsed. During the first few years Nike introduced Jordan to the public and Jordan familiarized himself with the American public. Nike ran a series of ads with Jordan and film theater director Spike Lee. These ads were aired during prime time television hours and were solely targeted for pre-teen naturalise students.These ads displayed an expressed message to Stay in School. The ads presented kids with a national forecast that was selling both school and Nikes products, how could parents deny their children the shoes of lots(prenominal) a virtuous spokesman? Jordan was a figure that children adored, looked up to and tried to the best of their ability to copy. Nike apply this to display a positive image for their company and to sell their products.Consumer decision Making ProcessConsumers believe that the pixilated makes violate shoes. Whether or not that is true, Nike has been a magician as a marketer. (McIntyre, 2011) When a consumer purchases a product, usually there is a five step routine in reservation a decision. The move are need recognition, cultivation search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post purchase behavior. (Perreau, 2013) Nike tries to make this decision process easier with their advertisements. For mannequin, the Nike open fire band is one of Nikes newest products and people didnt know much about it when it came out so Nike used an ad that caught ones attention, but thats not all. Nikes commercial explained what this product is in great detail. except by watching the commercial, Nike completed the first three steps for you, making your life a bit easier.In many cases consumers skip steps one through thr ee and buy products on impulse, as Nike would put, they just do it, but in this case Nike does the leg work for you. This is an example of the magic in Nike marketing. However, its obvious that Nike hasnt actually used a wand on its customers and there is no proof which can measure that a Nike pair of shoes is better than an Adidas pair of shoes or another disfigurement, so it must be magic, right? The arrange is No, its the set image and product position that is the driving force force being Nike sales. The two concepts are why we buy Nike instead than another bulls eye. Brand image refers to the schematic memory of a brand. (Hawkins, 2012, p. 335) Simply, it is what people think of and feel whenthey hear or see a brand name and is the set of associations consumers have learned about a brand. (Hawkins, 2012, p. 335) production positioning is a decision by a marketer to try to achieve a defined brand image relative to controversy within a market segment. (Hawkins, 2012, p. 3 35) Lastly, the ability to benefit from a brand image is called brand equity. (Hawkins, 2012, p. 335) According to Aaker (2013) brand equity has four dimensions brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand associations, and perceived quality, each providing value to a firm in numerous ways. The core of building the equity for Nike is brand association. Nike associates its brand with famous athletic celebrities that exemplify the personality of the brand they are achievers, winners, determined, work oriented, and nontraditional. The most famous example for brand association ever was the coaction between Nike and Jordan.This association personified Nike as a superior bakshis do brand. The depth of this personification became permanent, even after Jordan was no longer there. Also, Nike associates with top sport events by sponsoring many major league sports, including the National basketball game Association. Through its brand association, Nike increased its brand awareness. Nike communi cated its celebrity associations through TV ads, which increased their sales dramatically. In addition, one of the most important sources of Nike brand equity is the high perceived quality. Although, in todays market, most of Nikes consumers are the public that use their shoes just for walking, Nike is move to design their shoes according to the high standards of professional competition. Seeing a winning athlete wearing a Nike shoe in a professional competition authenticated the quality perception in the minds of the customers. Lastly, Nike has a good relationship with its customer, which creates some sort of brand loyalty.RecommendationsNikes ideals and goals pillow the same as those of the days of Steve Prefontaine and Bill Bowerman. Nikes Phil Knight is not slowing down as he continually signs new colleges on as Nike endorsed schools, even purchasing a portion of the NFLs Dallas Cowboys. Nike has reached a point where they can count on the Nike name promoting itself, and yet t hey spread over to produce innovative ideas. These ideas have been productive and entertaining promotional tools. In the case of Nike, it should continue to market itselftowards people of all ages who wish to be active and still comfortable. This marketing strategy has been particularly made as its capability to reach many athletes, and according to Nike that is anyone with a body.Nike focuses on the consumers who compensate product understanding and closeness, which allows the company to set a higher cost than its competitors. This is a marketing strategy of Nike which calls for superior pricing points in gild to push the supposed value of the product. This strategy has also proven successful for the company. Lastly, the more reliable the distribution of the product is improves the sales and results in more profits. Product delivery at the required time to the consumer not only affects usefulness it also results in a high level of customers satisfaction as well as loyalty. It g oes without saying that Nikes customers are satisfied and loyal.ReferencesAaker, D. (2013, September 13). What Is Brand Equity and Why is it semiprecious? Aaker on Brands Prophet. Retrieved from http//www.prophet.com/blog/aakeronbrands/156-what-is-brand-equity-and-why-is-it-valuable Hawkins, D. (2012). Mp Consumer Behavior With Ddb Data Disk (12th ed.). Irwin master key Pub. Katz, D. (1993, August 16). Triumph of the Swoosh. Sports Illustrated, 53-73. McIntyre, D. A. (2011, March 18). Nikes Brand Strength A Round Of Prices Increases MarketWatch. Retrieved from http//www.marketwatch.com/story/nikes-brand-strength-a-round-of-prices-increases-2011-03-18 Nike Inc. (n.d.). NIKE, Inc. About NIKE, Inc. Retrieved from http//nikeinc.com/pages/about-nike-inc Nike Inc. (n.d.). NIKE, Inc. History & Heritage. Retrieved from http//nikeinc.com/pages/history-heritage Perreau, F. (2013, October 25). The 5 stages of Consumer Buying Decision Process. Retrieved from http//theconsumerfactor.com/e n/5-stages-consumer-buying-decision-process/

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Organizational Structure and Culture Essay

Authority complex body part within organizations is important for the oversight of delegated processes and pass judgment outcomes. Without body social organisation, chaos would impede support, conversations, and vision development. organisational designs vary according to the film of the organization to operate efficiently, to achieve goals, and to support the associates within the organization. The organisational organise style design helps lead the organization in sure-fire endeavors (Sullivan & Decker, 2009).Organizational History The history of an organization contributes to the design of the formal organizational structure.The health check nerve center has a tumultuous history. A new modern create was constructed in 2000 to replace an quondam(a) structure. The local physicians had no input into the determination or design of the new facility. The organizational structure during that time was a strict parallel design. The physicians root worded to the honcho medica l exam officer and the instrument panel of Trustees. The physicians jointly decided not to support the new local infirmary the organization began to collapse. The medical center eventually fell into bankruptcy because of the wishing of physician support, poor financial counsel, and unscrupulous use of organizational monies.The court of justice system retained a reconstruction organization in an blast to rebuild the local hospital. During the time of bankruptcy the parallel organizational structure re master(prenominal)ed in place, but with less authority of the medical governance branch. The main reduce of the organizational structure was financial survival of the organization. An immediate sort was needed for the improvement of the dangerously low morale of the health electric charge associates The once country owned, bankrupted not-for-profit-hospital was bought and sold twice before stabilization began to be a possibility.A corporation purchased the hospital and changed i t to a for-profit organization. There was in truth little resistance to the change because the organization had been surviving in chaos. jibe to Kurt Lewins three stage theory of change, the first soma, the unfreezing signifier, is an important phase of change. Change is getting ready to happen during this phase. The health billing associates of the medical center had been getting ready for change for a few years. The unfreezing phase requires the development of motivation.Motivation was the chance to prosper in a successful business venture while delivering quality mission to the community (Kurt Lewin, 2012). propagational Culture The generational culture of the organization had a positive deed on the change. There was a common goal developed, the success of the organization. The generational similarities outnumber the generational differences. According Anick (2008), The top reason for happiness in the workplace is the sense of feeling valued (Table 2. Elements on which mem bers of each generation argon mostly similar).The handed-down, baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y became tortuous in the decision making as the new organization structure formed. They share ideas and offered suggestions for diligent get by improvement. Informal loss leaders began to emerge. During the refreezing phase, the stabilization became the norm. The differences in the generational culture became more than apparent. More processes, greater accountability, and new necessitate use of technology caused a feeling of less worth for the older generation of health care providers. The younger go down ons seemed to adapt more speedily to new systems and techniques.Older nurses began to believe they were less important to the process. The on the loose(p) leader roles changed. A new information system was installed and education was initiated. This led to more attention on the differences of the generational cultures. Much of the required education was consummate o n the computer. E-mail is essential for communication within the organization. Some of the traditional generation began to feel left behind. At the end of the first year, umteen of the health care providers who had survived the previous chaos succumbed to the new advancements and left the organization. online Organizational Design The current organizational structure of the medical center is a matrix design. The focal ratio administration consists of a hirer breast feeding officer, chief financial officer, and an assistant administrator. This group reports directly to the chief executive officer. The chief executive officer reports to the Board of Trustees. The medical center consists of twain distinct campuses, four on-site clinics, and one clinic located off campus. The upper administration is responsible for the organization.The matrix esign is complex and requires good interpersonal skills for triple managers. Each treat unit has a nurse manager. The nurse managers report to the chief care for officer regarding any patient care issues. The nurse managers of the behavioral health campus also report to the behavioral health weapons platform music director for organizational issues. The physicians are under the organizational umbrella for functional regulations but report to the chief medical officer regarding medical patient care. The resource manager has a dual report line to the chief nursing officer and the chief financial officer.The matrix requires frequent communication between the dual authorities. Non-management views the frequent meetings as meetings about meetings (Sullivan & Decker, 2009) Formal lines of reporting are evident within the organization. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer. Managers of departments involving financial business of the hospital report to the chief financial officer. accessory and support services report to the assistant administrator. The compliance officer, the pharmacy director and the b ehavioral health program director report directly to the chief executive officer.The formal lines of reporting are used for recognition of associates, disciplinal offenses, and arbitration of challenges between departments. Patient-Centered Care Environment The organization is creating an environment for client-centered care by the development of a nursing leadership council consisting of direct care providers. The council membership includes seven registered nurses from nursing units with day and night shift representation. The nursing council interviews associates and patients, observes processes, and reports findings to the council.Changes in nursing processes are approved through the nursing council with final approval by the chief nursing officer. The council members were selected using predetermined criteria. The informal leaders of individual departments were chosen for their job performances and their proven leadership skills. The share governance gives ownership of patie nt care to the frontline caregivers (Hess, 2004). Organizational Communication assorted communication rules are used within the organization. Formal, time sensitive communication theory are delivered face-to-face or by technology.E-mail and web conferencing are the most frequent used methods for upper administration. Both methods allow libertine responses between the communicators. Upper-level management processes the information and decides the best speech communication method to the next lower-level management, depending on the subject matter and the expected time frames. set management associates attend leadership meetings every two weeks. Management communicates organizational status through these meetings. Plans for future projects are discussed during the leadership meetings. Middle management has e-mail accounts and receives electronic communications on changes.Middle management holds departmental meetings at least monthly to distribute information to the direct care pr oviders. Upper-level management holds open meetings for the direct care providers each quarter. The meetings focus on current organizational trends and plans. Direct care providers ask questions and exercise suggestions for improvement during the open meetings. Communication boards are placed in strategic areas through the work areas. Information is placed on the communication boards and updated weekly. Questions much come from the information from the boards.Conclusion The organizational structure can be descriptive of the culture of the organization. A ridged authoritarian organizational structure defines an organization that does not allow the frontline workers to participate in decisions that affect the organization. The matrix organizational design requires open communication between the leaders of the organization. Added shared governance from the frontline creates more awareness is put on the quality and delivery of the product. Organizational structures vary and are repres entative of the leadership within.

Output Devices

Output devices are things we spend to get information come forth of a calculator. Here are some examples of return devices- Monitor George Doyle/Stockbyte/Getty ImagesThe or so common computer outfit device is the monitor or computer screen. Monitors create a optical display from processed entropy that users tail end view. They come in a variety of screen sizes and visual resolutions. on that point are two types of computer monitors, CRT and flat circuit computer menu. CRT monitors use phosphorescent dots to create the pixels that make up display two-base hits. Flat panel monitors usually use LCD or plasma to create production. precipitate is passed through liquid crystals to create the pixels. All monitors rely on a video card that is located on the computer motherboard or in a special intricacy slot. The video card processes the computer data into image details that the monitors can display.PrinterRyan McVay/Photodisc/Getty ImagesPrinters produce a hard replica vers ion of processed data such as documents and photographs. The computer sends the image data to the printer, which then physically recreates the image onto an object. There are 3 types of computer printers sign jet, laser and dot matrix. Inkjet printers spray tiny dots of ink on a surface to create an image. Laser printers use toner drums that hair curler through magnetized pigment and then transfer the pigment to a surface. Dot matrix printers use a print head to set images on a surface, using an ink ribbon. There are withal colour printers which help to improve the appearance of a document or dispatch.Speakers/HeadphonesZedcor Wholly Owned/PhotoObjects.net/Getty ImagesComputers produce audio data that require output devices such as speakers and headphones to deliver the sound to the user. Audio data is created by the computer and then sent to the audio card, which is located in an expansion slot. The card translates the data into audio signals, which are sent to the audio outp ut device.CD/DVD/Floppy DiscJupiterimages/Comstock/Getty ImagesCD, DVD and floppy disc are output devices that can also be used as remembering and arousal devices. The computer sends data to the disc, where it is embedded and can be later retrieved. ram disc, or CD, is an optical device that stores audio and visual data in a digital format. Data is placed on the disc, using a laser writer that embeds the data into the discs coating. Digital versatile Disc, or DVD, is an optical device that stores visual data in a media format. DVDs feature a dual coating system that allows audio and visual data to be written at the same time by using a laser. Floppy disc is a magnetic storage device. A layer of magnetized material is placed within a proactive plastic casing. The computer embeds the data into the magnetized material, using a writing head.ProjectorIT Stock/Polka Dot/Getty ImagesProjectors are display devices that project a computer created image. The computer sends the image data to the video card which then sends the video image to the projector. They are typically used for presentations or for viewing videos.PlotterStockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty ImagesPlotters create a hard copy rendition of a digitally rendered send off. The design is sent to the plotter via a graphics card, and creates the design using a pen. Generally used with engineering applications, plotters basically make believe an image using a series of straight lines.

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Hitler’s Underestimation of the Allies

Toni Smith 12/4/09 The Boys Crusade concerning Hitlers Underestimation of the Allied Powers In his book The Boys Crusade Paul Fussell develops the case of Adolf Hitlers underestimation of the Allied forces. Hitlers failure to accurately prise the agent of the Allied enemies led to the destruction of the Axis causations and precipitated the end of WWII. He underestimated non only the position of the Allies, however also their determination to win, their feature cooperation, their militarial organizational skills, and their combined expert advances.This underestimation was a product of Hitlers personal theory of German Aryan racial supremacy everywhere other(a) races and was commonly accepted to some degree as the social Darwinist ideas of the time. In Hitlers eyes, Germans were a dominant species, set apart from other races by their motivation, their loyal dedication to the Fuhrer, and the strength of their willpower. Hitler believed Germans would prove themselves to be o verlord on the scrapfield if only because of their pure racial background.The lack of field of operations and the dismissive attitudes of Allied troops were ciphers that Hitler believed maintained the theory of racial supremacy. The Ger some(prenominal) army, c each(prenominal)ed the Wehrmacht, the SS, and the Gestapo were all strictly trained and highly punishd units. German parades during WWII consisted of applyled marches in uniform through the streets of German cities. Nazi officials aimed to show the Aryan community the strength and pride of the German military. In contrast to the strict discip channel of the Wehrmacht were the Allied forces, in specific, the American troops.They gained a reputation of demesne(a) slothfulness including slouching postures, gum chewing, leaning against walls when tired, keeping hands in trouser pockets, and affidavit1 Hitler saw the slovenly attitudes of the American troops as a solid example of the supremacy of the Aryan Germans. Fus sell states that because conditions at the front line were so deplorable many mental problems and morale issues arose. Also, a general unpreparedness of new recruits was a critical concern, which could have been avoided by training infantrymen for the psychological aspects of warfare.Too late, military planners found that unless replacement troops were trained purely and prepared psychologically for the carnage of the front lines, they would not survive colossal and tended to revert to cowardice when approach with violent action. 2 In impinge warfare the abysmal living environment, illness, fatigue, loneliness, and constant fear of decease created a hopeless feeling of fighting in a meaningless everlasting war. The psychological health of Allied troops was a crucial factor in relation to the positive morale and overall troop resilience, specially of those confronted daily with violent action.The infantry suffered the highest percentage of total casualties through expose the war, and was hale to fight in the worst conditions. The idea of a never-ending war was created in part by the demoralization of troops during the middle stages of the war, in front an end was clearly in sight, and also because American troops knew at that place were only three ways to escape from the front line with its discipline, anxiety, and revulsion the unlikely sudden end of the war a wound and death itself. 3 Before the winter of 1941, Hitler had not considered, the threat of U. S. involvement in the war. however, when the U. S. declared war on Germany and Japan on the 11th of December, 1941, Hitler wholeheartedly believed Germany was ready to challenge Britain and America in a war of spheric magnitude. Hitler had previously assumed the U. S. would stay out of a European remainder to continue their chosen policy of isolation across the Atlantic. But Germany was not materially prepared for a global war drawn out for more than a few years. Though the U. S. lacked the disc ipline and fanatical obedience the German troops showed towards their Fuhrer, Americans were not entering a war without field strengths.The Germans were renowned craftsmen and had the capability to produce high-quality weapons and war-materials simply they were not equipped for the case of takings necessary for achievement in a global war. However the strengths of the American industrial tradition the widespread experience with mass-production, the great abstruseness of technical and organizational skill, the willingness to think big, the ethos of hustling competition were just the characteristics necessary to transform the American production in a hurry. 4 The U. S. as quite familiar with the technique of mass-production and implemented it very successfully. The American force industry adapted so well to the program that once the novelty was completed the industry began to overfulfil its orders. 5 Based on the opportunities of individual profit, many prospective entre preneurs found that the war opened a door to the world of business. Germany had been making preparations for war since Hitler took control of the state on the 30th of January, 1933 and the American leaders were aware of just how far behind in production they were.The military weakness of the U. S. was a consequence of geographical and political isolation, but in only four years the giant plans approved by Roosevelt and Congress in the first weeks of war rancid America from military weakling to military super-power. 6 The strategy of mass-production encouraged individuals to involve themselves in the production of war materials, giving them a personal and unique spirit experience of dedication to the war effort. Production began with Roosevelt building a wartime planning infrastructure, absorb by business recruits.He employed a strategy in which business was given a sound deal of responsibility to make headway the war effort. The American approach to production on this scale ma ke Allied victory a possibility, though it did not make victory in any sense automatic. 7 Hitler was anxious for a victory over the Soviet Union, not only to satisfy a sense of retribution remaining from the German defeat of the First World War, but also to accomplish the goals he set out in his book, Mein Kampf, to get ahead Lebensraum, or living space for an expanding Aryan population.Even the war with Britain couldnt distract him for long, and in the summer of 1940 he turned his back on Britain, who could, he argued, be finished off by the Luftwaffe in good time, and looked eastward. 8 Hitler was so focused on the conflict against the Soviet Union, that he didnt correctly prioritize the two conflicts and the necessary war materials demand for a victory in a war against a piece front in the West. Hitler had an overabundant confidence in the superiority of German troops and German tanks and didnt realize how decisive the Allied set down at D-Day and later the battle at Stalingr ad would be.The landing on Normandy beaches were a welcome success after the months of small and costly victories in Italy and magnetic north Africa. Though Stalingrad is generally considered the most decisive battle of WWII, D-Day marked a major turning point for the Allies. The landing forced Hitler to fight a war on two fronts, which relieved some pressure from the Soviets stifling struggle against the Wehrmacht in the East. Hitlers Germany was beginning to stretch thin, as a great chasm opened up between Hitlers plans and the material reality. 9 The Allies effectively used technology to gain the upper-hand to aide in the victory of the Second World War in Europe. The strategy of synchronisation air support with ground forces promoted forward surges of troops while destroying dug-in German fortifications and causing enemy casualties. In the Battle of the Atlantic, the British were able to split the German naval code and use decoded transmissions to steer convoys of merchant s hips away(predicate) from the packs of waiting U-Boats. The Allies proved their organization and cooperation abilities during the Battle of the Atlantic.The British and Americans worked unitedly successfully to render redundant naval strategies still rooted in the battleship age10 by the use of air power in groups called support escorts to keep merchant ships safe from U-Boat damage. The success of U-Boats destruction was increased with the use of long-range aircraft, radio, and radar. The warfare technology at sea was maximized, proving that victory was a product of all those elements of organization and guile mobilized in months of painstaking labor. 11 Though the Battle of the Atlantic wasnt won in any short span of time, it lasted for six years, the technological advances, communication improvements, and the coordination of British and Allied forces to predict U-Boat movement took Hitler by surprise. Hitler was confident that the superior German navy could easily gain control of the English Channel, but the Allies proved that in this specific battle the careful application of air power, and the use of radar and radio intelligence, turned the tide. 12 Hitler had an overabundant confidence in the German forces and didnt contemplate the outcome of an Allied victory because he believed Germans were racially superior. Though he wasnt interested in a war with Britain or the U. S. , they stood in the way of the fruition of his goals of conquest in the East, specifically the destruction of the Jewish people and the downfall of the Soviet Union. Hitler underestimated the combined strength, organizational skills, and military power of the Allies and allowed his dreams of Eastern conquest to cloud his judgment concerning military priorities when faced with a pressing war in the West.His inaccurate estimation of the strength of the Allies and his inability to coordinate war efforts on two fronts, particularly after Stalingrad, led to the downfall of the Axis powe rs. References Fussell, Paul 2003. The Boys Crusade. New York haphazard House Printing. 136. Fussell, 97. Fussell, 107. Overy, Richard 1995. Why The Allies Won. New York Norton Publishing. 192. Overy, 195. Overy, 192. Overy, 192. Overy, 13. Overy, 200. 10. Overy, 30. 11. Overy, 60. 12. Overy, 52.

How to Effectively Manage Leadership

How to impressively hasten it off leaders H. D. Williams Touro University Worldwide Executive Summary The paper identifies the key points that Peter topping has discussed in his apply Managerial lead. This day disk is a keister for those who needs to build an effective leadinghip strategy. As Peter says that the perplexity sue involves the formulation of effective worry systems rightfulness process for their application, have the right people with the right qualifications to manage and continuously cleanse systems to conciliate to changing work environment.The major theme underlie in the have is that the managerial competency is necessary for laying the foundation for a actually successful and well up-fixed c beer, however, it is a fact that demonstrated lead skills ar important to push providedton the leader up to the organizational ladder and goals How to Effectively Manage leading Introduction The leadhip is a feature of round(prenominal) organizatio n, the axis motor of the same. It is therefore important that any person that performs in the business heighten leading skills. concord to Allen, (2008) the leader is the people comprising the action, who converts followers into leaders and who can become agents of change. Leadership ability has been identified as cardinal of the central features determinants of successful staff. In this sense, the modern world requires all those who do tasks in the business sector, to be the leaders, beca character leadership is the key to successful and improving organizations (Allen, 2008). About The Book The book which needs to be analyzed in this project is Managerial Leadership written by Peter Topping.Thus, the book has identified a hail of facts which can be helpful as guidance for effective leadership. It is a fact that effective worry in the advanced millennium of competitive business environment needs a solid and efficient leadership skills for which the companies lacks to provi de adequate training and using. on that point is a need for the Frameworks and top leadership tools for assessing leadership techniques, strengths for handling crop and change and thus, leads to make managerial leadership a veritable larn laboratory (Topping, 2001).Thesis statement The paper identifies how Peter has discussed The Role of effective management prevailing in competitive business environment in his book Managerial Leadership. Discussion and Analysis The book identifies a number of elements which is necessary for manage an effective management strategy. Thus, Leadership can be broadly defined as the process of inspiring, coordinating, directing, mentoring and motivating, individuals, groups of individuals, organizations, societies, or nations toward achieving goals or results.Such a simple definition hides the reality that leadership as a excogitation is rife with complexity and debate (Allio, 2005). More important, leadership as a field of study is vast and can be a pall domain of study for hotcomers to the field. Part of the challenge for people studying and researching leadership is the high volume of leadership theories and perspectives available (Buus, 2005). Leadership in the new-fashi angiotensin-converting enzymed economy with its constant changes required to have an ability to adapt to new emerging business model, maintaining constancy of purpose and core values.This ability increases if the leaders make deliberate choices consistent with the values and beliefs of the company. Therefore, todays fight economy is in need of an effective leadership development strategy (Buus, 2005). A simple search of the word leadership go forth income tax return some(prenominal) thousand articles and usualations on leadership written by academician scholars. As such(prenominal), any attempt to define and summarize leadership go away be a complex endeavor that will never to the full capture and account for the concept of leadership.The aim of this encyclopedic entry, therefore, is to provide a general over ruling of leadership specific to organization studies for the novice reader. Major al-Qaeda The major theme underlie in the book is that the managerial competence is necessary for laying the foundation for a very successful and flourishing career, however, it is a fact that demonstrated leadership skills are important to push the leader up to the organizational ladder and goals (Topping, 2001). Based in region on Dr.Peter Toppings experience as managing director of the Goizueta Institute for Corporate acquisition and explore, a cross-disciplinary think tank created to advance the cause of leaders and leadership, this dispute and illuminating book provides A proven, four-tiered approach to becoming a more than effective leader Tools for develop coaching, teaching, and mentoring skills Methods to determine and strengthen effective leadership behaviors focus process is to take care of your business processes in the outmatch possible way to improve performance.The management process involves the formulation of effective management systems right process for their application, have the right people with the right qualifications to manage and continuously improve systems to adapt to changing work environments (Topping, 2001). eon it may be true that managers facilitate while leaders initiate, some(prenominal) skills remain precious in todays workplace. Thus, from Managerial Leadership we find how to compound management and leadership into a dynamic approach for demonstrating effective leadership in any company or industry. Leadership DevelopmentNumerous studies have take to the same conclusion i. e. organizations that invest in leadership development are more effective than organizations that do not. Periods of economic instability only intensifies this effect. The in style(p) study shows that all companies that have successfully g unmatchable through time of crisis have a clear stra tegy for leadership development. Investments, especially in a crisis, not only recovered but withal brought profits. Research shows that the companies believe that it is more important to invest in the development of leadership in times of recession.Such companies not only survived but became stronger than their competitors. Studies show that investments in leadership development can Improve the financial performance of companies grant to attracting and retaining talent Stimulate the development and maintenance of culture results (performance culture) Increase the lightness of organizations (Topping, 2001). Effective Management Process management can effectively transubstantiate your business from failure to success in a short time.This factor that you make redeeming(prenominal) use of available resources in the organization such as money, personnel and facilities such as offices, equipment and tools and modern technology to hit the objectives of the organization. K nowada ysledge is also something very important for an organization and must be well managed through effective process management. Effective process management will manifest through a business has improved, increased profits, at rest customers, motivated employees, willing to go extra miles and improve their skills and a new workplace business (Allio, 2005).Thus, important features to be identified are as under Instruments to ensure effective management Protected areas are instruments to make it the objectives of nature conservation. As such instruments require human, material and financial resources, and procedures to come upon their goals. To improve the means and processes to achieve effective management, will develop sestet lines of work. Adequacy of management structures Success in meeting the objectives for declaring protected areas depends on some factors, some internal systems themselves nature conservation and many opposite external.The adequacy of the management structures of the areas and systems of protected areas is the basis for effectively achieving its goals. Quality Management for Conservation The nature conservation is a priority of the protected infixed areas. As the active management progresses, it becomes necessary to develop tools to improve entropy sharing, standardize procedures, and evaluate the effectiveness of actions. Quality management of public use and tourism Progress has been made n improving the reference of public use and tourism in protected areas (two good examples are the Q for quality of services offered to visitors, and the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism as a joint project between managers and tourism professionals). There are several manuals to guide and hit benchmarks for the management of public use. It is time to consolidate and improve where necessary, the quality of these services (Topping, 2001). Quality management for economic developmentThe integration of socio-economic development objectives of pr otected areas has progressed over the years through the writ of execution of development plans and implementation of initiatives with the business of the territory as marks of quality products and services associated to the parks. According to Peter, the laws of rural development and biodiversity provide a favorable scenario to promote good development practices in terms of sustainability. Evaluation of Management EffectivenessProtected areas are incorporating monitor as an essential part of evaluating the effectiveness of management and the systematic order of battle of information and outreach through management reports. Leadership and Management Leadership as a concept in its broadest sense refers in essence to the one that brought forward the fundamental in the governance process and then, there is circuit between the concept of leadership and management. Thus, as the first is one of the components of the administrative process as several other elements of which (organization , planning, implementation and monitoring and follow-up).They also overlaps the other hand, comes in the context of the similarity in performance since two of them refers to the organization of group activity to achieve certain goals, as well as from that, the success of management is linked to a large outcome the nature of leadership so the need for management capacity and presidents of suffice people with learning and creativity does not almost equivalent (Topping, 2001). The family management leadership management is not one year to the private, but it lies in the nature of each of the term management refers more to the policies, procedures and organizational tructure of any aspects of the technical and organizational while the impetuous means in particular profile of any humanitarian and short, that the administration is broader than leadership that is driving to one of the functions and tasks of management Developing Talent According to Peter, talent is now considered a co mpetitive advantage it is what differentiates successful companies from the rest. The task then is to secernate What is the talent of their workers? Talent is an asset to be managed effectively if you want to succeed in the market and also remain in the right place at the right time (Buus, 2005).While it is intangible, this is achieved by workers performance and superior results that some of them, with great effort, manage to achieve. Talent is a strategic asset ( remarkable, valuable and unique) to be managed appropriately in the context of corporate strategy. Organizations can develop talent through Design jobs, positions and business roles from the competencies and skills that are required in order to get the most out of it. Focus on developing leadership talent Motivate employees constantly Train your employees on the a la mode(p) techniques, technologies and working methods Place employees in working jobs suited to their skills and competencies (Allio, pp 1071-7). These pr actices are an smashing for the leadership growth and can be used in leadership growth programs in various organizations. The ability of leaders is becoming scarce therefore developing individuals internally is becoming more and more substantive (Allio, 2005). According to Peter, there are many leadership practices that work as guidelines and can be coordinatedd in an organization to achieve success.Some of them admit Strong executive engagement, tailored leadership competencies, coincidence with business strategy, butt end all levels of leadership, apply a comprehensive and ongoing approach and integrate with talent management (Topping, 2001). Other than these practices a leader may establish his own practices that may help him in achieving organizational goals. Conclusion Leadership growth is best planned and enforced when it takes place as a procedure implanted inside the organizational policy.This has significances for both the invention of plans and procedures (i. e. , m any stages, numerous learning skills, constantly retreating to the requirements of the business). A leader is not born(p) overnight. Often it takes time for an individual to become a leader, and even after(prenominal) evolving a leader there is more to learn in alignment to become a productive leader. Leading by example is a mighty procedure. Leaders must possess the qualities they are seeking to incorporate into their team (Topping, 2001).Rather than understanding leadership as a position or an inherent trait, leadership is understood as an activity or process that involves the development of certain skills or capacities. While leadership differs in many ways from management, it is imperative that both functions exist and complement one another. Leadership is ultimately what will lead to innovation and positive change, and management assists in this process. To address the complex and adaptive challenges our society is facing today and will face in the future, we must find new wa ys to view leadership and engage in leadership in our organizations.Thus, through the book Managerial Leadership, one can get the guide, strategies and tools that is required for implementing and cultivating a string and successful leadership organization and therefore, lead to develop ones own valuable leadership efficiency and effectiveness (Topping, 2001). References Allen, S. , Hartman, N. (2008), Leadership development an exploration of sources of learning, Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 73 no(prenominal) 1, pp. 10-62. Allio, R. J. (2005), Leadership development teaching versus learning, Management Decision, Vol. 3 none 7/8, pp. 1071-7. Burke, V. , Collins, D. (2005), Optimizing the effects of leadership development programmers, Management Decision, Vol. 43 none 7/8, pp. 975-87. Buus, I. (2005), The evolution of leadership development challenges and best practice, industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 37 No. 4/5, pp. 185-8. Peter A. Topping, (2001), Managerial Leadershi p, publisher McGraw-Hill 1 edition (December 26, 2001), ISBN-13 978-0071375238 Yukl, G. A. (2006), Leadership in Organizations, Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall.