The Importance of the Setting in Wuthering Heights Essay

The Importance of the Setting in Wuthering Heights There are numerous approaches to analyzing and understanding a novel, with the setting being one of utmost importance. It is one of the first aspects noted by readers because it can potentially increase their identification of specific motifs, and subsequently themes, through repetitively emphasizing the natural setting that penetrates conversations, incidences, thoughts, and behaviors. The author typically creates a setting that facilitates the development of a proper atmosphere and mood while maintaining a sense of veracity for the reader. In Emily Bronte’s classic novel, Wuthering Heights, the setting not only successfully satisfies these fundamental guidelines, but it also†¦show more content†¦This sharp contrast, taken in conjunction with Bronte’s immediate warning of the setting’s importance, alerts the reader that these basic differences will serve more than a literal role of creating an appropriate mood for the story. In fact, the Yorkshire setting is an essential and repetitive character in Wuthering Heights representing the heightened emotional states of the characters and a visual indication of their personalities. Through the descriptions of the Heights, its violence, strength, and cheerless tone are reflected in the physical and behavioral attributes of the inhabitants. Mr. Lockwood notes, â€Å"They could not every day sit so grim and taciturn, and it was impossible, however ill tempered they may be, that the universal scowl they wore was their every day countenance† (45). In particular, Heathcliff is regarded as especially dark and scornful throughout the novel as Lockwood â€Å"beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows† (37) and his manner of speech often portrays â€Å"a genuine bad nature† (45). On the other hand, the occupants of Thrushcross Grange are calm, refined and depicted as quite feeble characters. For instance, Linton, Isabelle’s son, is regarded as a â€Å"pale, delicate, effeminate boy† when met by Young Catherine and Nelly Dean at the Grange after his mother’s death (201). As children,Show MoreRelated Importance of Setting in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pages Wuthering Heights:nbsp; The Importance of Settingnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Love is a strong attachment between two lovers and revenge is a strong conflict between two rivals. In the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte uses setting to establish contrast, to intensify conflict, and to develop character. The people and events of Wuthering Heights share a dramatic conflict. Thus, Bronte focuses on the evil eye of Heathcliffs obsessive and perpetual love with Catherine, andRead MoreEssay about Importance of Setting in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights942 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Setting in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚   Wuthering Heights is a timeless classic in which Emily Brontà « presents two opposite settings. Wuthering Heights and its occupants are wild, passionate, and strong while Thrushcross Grange and its inhabitants are calm and refined, and these two opposing forces struggle throughout the novel.    Wuthering Heights is out on the moors in a barren landscape. Originally a farming household, it sits [o]n that bleak hilltop [where] theRead More The Importance of Setting in Developing a Theme for Wuthering Heights by Bronte839 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights England was going through a time of great change. It?s past agrarian society was changing and the common man was able to obtain wealth. Setting helps us to further understand the conflict between the natural world and cultured humanity, through the two main houses in text, and the social situation on the English Moors. Wuthering Heights uses this time of social unrest to develop the theme of the natural world in conflict with cultured humanity. An exampleRead MoreClass and Gender in Wuthering Heights Essays704 Words   |  3 PagesEmily Bront#235;s novel Wuthering Heights. Social contrasts and gender boundaries create oppression and tension amongst the characters, affecting their composure and behaviour throughout the novel. The most obvious distinction between upper and lower classes is with the two settings; Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights. Both places differ significantly in both disposition and appearance. The society in Wuthering Heights is that of the working class. 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Heathcliff, the landlord, makes no effort to be pleasant and immediately becomes a source of deep curiosity to Lockwood. A snowstorm forces Lockwood to spend the night at Wuthering Heights, and he has crazy nightmaresRead MoreThe Conflict Between Nature and Culture in Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « and a Room with a View by E.M.Forster1649 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.† - Jean-Jacques Rousseau Many readers enjoy ‘Wuthering Heights’ as a form of escapism, a flight from reality into the seclusion and eerie mists of the Yorkshire moors, where the supernatural seems commonplace and the searing passion between Catherine and Heathcliff absolute. Yet Wuthering Heights reaches much further than its atmospheric setting, exploring the complexities of family relationships and Victorian society’s restrictions; similarly, inRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesEmily, while Emily became shyer, Charlotte developed a dominant attitude (â€Å"Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬ ). Initially unsuccessful, Wuthering Heights was written during the years 1845 and 1846 by Emily Brontà « and published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell (â€Å"Wuthering Heights†). The novel follows two generations of orphaned lovers between the manors Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights. Later, Charlotte Brontà « wrote Jane Eyre in 1846 and publish ed it in October 1847 under the pseudonym Currer Bell(â€Å"JaneRead MoreWuthering Heights: Conflict Between Savage and Civilised1601 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization in Wuthering Heights As Charlotte Bronte mentioned on sister Emily’s Wuthering Heights: †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦She did not know what she had done;† creative artists â€Å"work passively under dictates [they] neither delivered nor could question.† I can say that Emily Bronte knew what she was doing when approaching the issues of the Wuthering Heights. The antagonic play between nature and culture in Bronte’s vision were of great impact at the time and I could say that this is a reason why Wuthering Heights is a literaryRead MoreTrapped in the Body of Society1483 Words   |  6 PagesBorn in the beautiful, wet and green country of England in 1818, Emily Jane Brontà « would grow up and write one of the literary world’s most acclaimed work of literature. 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Offer investors the highest expected rate of return - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2401 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION The main aim of this case is to find the portfolio that will offer investors the highest expected rate of return for any degree of risk they are willing to tolerate. Extra returns are needed by the investors for taken a higher level of risk and covariance measures the process in which the returns of two securities vary with each other. Sandra is a new investor; she needs the basic idea on risk-return tradeoff and on portfolio management from Bolton in order to make the right investment. When investors are considering investing in a security market, the problem they face is deciding how much to invest or hold and choosing the best security which depends on the characteristic of risk-return of different individual securities. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK AND RETURN People invest their money in order to have good income which will help them in the future; this investment involves risk and return. The risk and return are the process through which investors makes decision. The inv estment return is the compensation given to investors for the time spends waiting and the worries based on the risk of an asset invested. (Brealey,Myers Marcus, 2009,p.317). Investors uses the historical record to measure the current opportunity cost of capital which is the return that shareholders gives up for investing in a project and probability is used to estimate the possible situation which will occur within the period of investment. (Roses,Westerfield Jordan,1998,p.367). In appendix A, the risk premium serves as the compensation to investors for investing on that particular asset. When comparing individually, the utility-company is the best decision based on their coefficient-variation since it has the lowest value in units i.e. having 2.65% of risk, 9.7% of return and 0.27 of coefficient-variation. Then High-tech-company has 21.91% of risk, 10% of return and 2.19 of coefficient-variation. Counter-cyclical-company has 12.07% of risk, 5% of return and 2.41 of coeffici ent-variation. Therefore expected return depend on the risk involved and Investors uses the past record to estimates the future using the method of arithmetic average, variance, standard deviation since he assume that the future will be like the past. A good investor needs to choose a project which has higher return and lower risk but when its difficult to decide between two asset, then coefficient-variation may help. HOW BETA RELATES TO REQUIRED RETURN Pls draw another chart of beta in your tutorial paper at the back. figure1 Any potential investor that wants to get good return with better risk when investing on a market portfolio should able to understand the meaning of beta because it measures systematic asset or non-diversifiable risk in order to get a high return. Beta is the sensitivity of the return of stock over the variety in market portfolio return. (Brealey, Myers Marcus 2009,p.340). It is the measure of risk on the portfolio of an individual stock a nd it account for both stocks for standard deviation and correlation among other securities available in the market.(levy Alderson,1998,p.307). The market risk premium depends completely on the beta in order to get assets risk premium. Therefore beta is an important determinant of an asset expected return in order to eliminate a systematic risk which cannot be diversified. An average beta is 1.0, risk free rate is 0. Aggressive-stock shows that its riskier than the market portfolio but provides larger gain while Defensive-stock shows that stock will fluctuate less than the market which is relatively safer but provides lesser gain. Also based on the calculation in appendix C, the beta for the individual asset are Utility-company is 0.529, High-Tech-company is 0.207 and counter-cyclical-company is -0.356 showing that all the individual asset are on defensive-stock. The formula is Beta j = Covariance mj / rm. The company with the highest risk is Utility-company and the lowest ri sk is Counter-cyclical-company. Composite index is preferred more than index fund because is a standardized combined indexes which provides useful measures statistically in overall market performance. Also the expected return is more than the index fund and the chances of risk is very low compared with index fund as shown in appendix B, i.e. having return of 18.70% and risk of 4.96% while index fund has only 8.40% of return and 10.72% of risk. WHY WE HAVE TO DIVERSIFY OUR INVESTMENT Since investors cannot be able to reduce their risk and return of two assets based on each scenario performance then it is better to diversify in-order to balance the risk and return of any two assets. Diversification is a principle designed which reduces the variability of risk by spreading the market portfolio across many investment.( Brealey,Myers Marcus 2009,p.323). Its the distribution of investors saving among different securities and it reduces investors overall risk of their holding either as losses in one investment or partial profit attained in another investment. (Lee, Finnerty Norton,1997,p.39). Therefore diversification is the spread of risk and return of two or more assets with different characteristics. In the calculation shown in appendix D, the right choice is Utility-company which its risk is 2.65% and return is 9.70% while the risk for Counter-cyclical-company is 12.07 and its return is 5% but needs to be diversified in order to balance the scenario performance of both companies. Diversification is applied by Investing 75% in utility-company and 25% in Counter-cyclical-company which gives a portfolio return of 8.53% and 1.41% of risk. The portfolio risk of a stock depends on whether the return tends to vary or against the return of other portfolio asset. Not to put all eggs in one basket. Sandra diversify primary to reduce unnecessary risk in order to maximize the present-value of her lifetime consumption and diversification reduces risk by de creasing the amount of uncertainty of return without reducing expected return. The Possible situation which can affect the stock price may be as a result of macroeconomic factors. DETERMINING UNDERVALUE AND OVERVALUE FROM SECURITY MARKET LINE Figure2 Any investors who those not want to lose his or her investment in the market suppose to understand what SML means in order to make the right decision. Security market line shows the standard for investing different fractions of market fund based on the risk and expected return.(Brealey,Myers and Marcus,2009,p.349). SML signify or establish a linear relationship between beta and the expected return for all the assets.(Levy and Alderson,1998,p.319). In figure2 above calculated in appendix C, the individual stock at Beta 0.529 offers 12.24% expected rate of return, risk free rate of 5% and market risk premium of 13.7%. No investor will buy when the stock offered a lower rate of return. The price will drop if nobody decides t o hold the stock which is a better buy for investors. This will lead to a higher rate of return and the expected return will move to 12.24%, therefore at this point the capital assets pricing model holds at the expected return and the price. The Utility-company is overvalue because is below the SML line while High-tech-company and Counter-cyclical-company is undervalue because is above the SML. The Capital Asset Pricing Model helps to show that the expected rate of return of all securities and portfolio lie on security market line and also expected rate of returns depend completely on the beta. The CAPM is graphically represented by SML. EFFECTS OF INTEREST RATE IN A DIVERFISIFIED PORTFOLIO Investors needs to know what it means when the rate is high or low and focusing very well in the interest rate movement in order to make reasonable decision. Capital Asset Pricing Model is described as the relationship between return and risk which states that the expected risk premiu m on security is equals to its beta times the market risk premium.(Brealey, Myers Marcus,2009,p.348). It explains the exact linear equilibrium relationship between the beta and the expected rate of return of individual assets and portfolios. (Levy Alderson,1998, p.322) Based on the definition of diversification explained previously, if Sandra choose a well diversified portfolio, these will be as a result of when the stock more than 12.24%, then diversified investors will like to buy more of that stock which will automatically increase the price and the expected return will decrease until it is at the level of CAPM. CAPM is a recognized instrument or techniques which help to adjust risk discount rate through the analysis of portfolio i.e. risk are measured in beta factors and these measures the sensitivity of its return on a quoted shares based on the market movement as a whole. INVESTING ON FIXED-INCOME SECURITY Any Potential investor like Sandra who those not know whe n the investment is defensive or aggressive should better put her money bank on a fixed income security. A project NPV or cost of capital is the amount which is expected to multiply the wealth of current shareholders of a firm and the rules is that if the proposed projects NPV is positive, then invest but if not dont invest. (BodieMerton,2000,p.168). The project cost of capital is the acceptable minimum expected rate of return on a project with its risk given. (Brealey, Myers Marcus,2009,p.357). If Sandra prefers to put all her money in fixed income securities, then the cash-flow of the project needs to be calculated. If for example the future interest rate of return is 18%, risk free offers a return of 5% and expected market risk premium is 13.7% with zero beta: r=rf+B(rm-rf), = 5+(0x13.7)= 5%, then since the expected return is 18% while the cost of capital is 5%, Sandra should go ahead but if compared with the exact project return of 18.7% company cost of capital, then th e project is not worthwhile. Furthermore, in the cost of capital, if the market portfolio has the same risk with the project and the beta is 1.0, it means that its still worth investing on even though the project appearance is less attractive. GROWTH RATE A HOT TIPS FOR UNDERVALUE STOCK A hot tip is an important idea given to new investors like sandra in order to monitor its investment knowing whether it is in the right track or not. Growth stock: when firm stock are repurchased, the stock are considered to be undervalued, which means that the market is less than the present value of future stock expected cash-flow and this decision is concluded when management uses Present Value evaluation models. (Levy Alderson,1998,p.478). When the future investment opportunities which are expected to yield a rate of return is greater than the required risk adjusted rate of the market.( Bodie Merton,2000,p.242). Investors buy growth stock and income stock expecting to have capital gain s and cash dividends in the future.(Brealey, Myers Marcus,2009,p.201) Therefore hot tips regarding undervalue stock is an identified movement of stock growth knowing up-to-date and valuable information on when to buy stock which guarantees successful trading on the stock market. This superior knowledge and strategy makes investors like Sandra to have confidence, secure and buy right stock at the right time with excellent return not minding what the market will be in the future. DIVERSIFYING EQUALLY IN THE STOCK OF TWO COMPANIES Diversifying equally in the companies is a good choice for Sandra so as to balance her risk and return between the companies which can sometimes eliminate risk completely. the calculation shown in Appendix E, it explains that High-tech-company has higher return of 10%, higher risk of 21.91% and beta of 0.207 while counter-cyclical-company has lower return of 5%, lower risk of 12.07% and beta of -0.356, this is difficult to choose without beta but using the beta method will now help Sandra to make the right decision. When Sandra invests her money equally on the two companies through diversification then the expected return will be 7.50% and the risk will be 6.63%, these shows that when two companies are joined together, the volatility will decrease as a result of the performance in each scenario. Finally, the inverse relationship between the two companys return mean that adding Counter-cyclical-company in all the High-tech-company stabilizes the portfolio returns. The Counter-cyclical-company reduced the return performance of the High-tech-company but improving the worst-case return. Therefore every investor cares about its risk and expected return of their portfolio assets. INVESTING 70%:30% IN A DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIO An investor that invested with index-fund with 70:30 is also a good choice except that the risk is very high compared with 50:50 above. Index fund is an investment collective scheme or rules set which is held constant not minding the movement of the market. it is usually an exchange trade-fund or mutual fund constructed with a portfolio to track the market index components. The calculation shown in appendix F, explains that High-tech-company has return of 10% and risk of 21.91% while index fund has return of 8.4% and risk of 10.72%. To stabilize the risk, the two components will be combined through diversification using 70:30 respectively for High-tech-company and index fund and the result shows a return of 9.52% and risk of 18.54%. This combination of 70%:30% is good but using 30%:70% is much better as shown in appendix G. The returns will be 8.88% and risk is 14.06. The reason is because the different between 70%:30% and 30%:70% for High-tech-company and index fund is that, the return difference is only 0.64 but the risk is reduced more with 4.48. also investing more on index fund is much better based on the definition explained above and also when measuring the amount of risk per unit of return, 70%:30% gives 1.95 but 30%:70% gives 1.58. BEST SUGGESTION ON DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIO The possible portfolio combination for Sandra that is more better than 30%70% in High-tech-company and index fund is investing 10%:90% as shown in Appendix H, because when measured per unit of risk over the return it will be 1.38 even though the return is still reduced to 8.56% but the risk is also reduced more by 11.83%. If Sandra choose this diversified portfolio its a good choice since it is the principal key relies mainly on statistical approximations in order to stabilize any chances of risk and return in her investment, no matter the fluctuation in the market or economic crisis around the globe. CONCLUSION Any comprehensive collection of risk measures should capture the following characteristic of the entire financial system which includes leverage, liquidity, correlation, concentration, sensitivity and connectedness. Therefore weather a particula r stock moves up or down is not that important to investors but what is important is the return and risk of that portfolio stock. Also using beta to estimate a systematic risk which cannot be diversified or better still invest fully in a fixed market income. Risk aversion explains that high security risk result to low price and high required return. Don’t waste time! 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Upton Sinclair A Voice For Food Safety Essay - 1501 Words

In 1906 Doubleday published a fiction novel based in reality and centered on immigrant life in the Chicago meat packing district. â€Å"The Jungle,† was written by Upton Sinclair, a 27 year old author from Baltimore under a $500 advance from a socialist newspaper. This novel soon became a focus of controversy and change within the United States. Though known more for it’s horrific portrayal of the conditions inside slaughterhouses, only 60 pages of the 413 pages that make up â€Å"The Jungle† detail the goings-on of the meat packing industry.Sinclair’s book was intended to be a political and social commentary on the plight of the worker during the turn of the century. Oddly enough, the story opens with a wedding. The protagonist, Jurgis†¦show more content†¦Jurgis’ father, Antanas is also betrayed by the American dream, and is only able to find a job if he provides a kick-back of 33% of his wages to the man who found it for him. These types of issues relating to characters finding â€Å"honest work† are a continuing central theme throughout the novel. These hardships only seem to intensify as winter brings illness to the family. Jurgis is becoming increasingly aware of the corruption of the management of Packingtown and finally joins a union after a long period holding out. His contacts within the union persuade him to learn to speak English, become an American citizen, and vote in elections. This introduction into politics will not become a major theme until much later in the novel, but will eventually become the central focus of Sinclair’s work. Towards this point in the novel, the horror stories of the packing plants begin to unfold. Particular revulsions that occur within the fertilizer plant are retold ad infinitum during later events that transpire as a result of the novel. One such tale is that of the worker that falls into the machines. Since he is unable to be rescued, he becomes part of the product. The tales that surface in the novel only bring Jurgis to further become leery of the corruption and dishonesty that exist within the industry. As the story progresses, more andShow MoreRelatedFood Manufactures have Taken Over1776 Words   |  7 Pagesmoment at hand. Due to this sudden improvement, food manufactures being the primary industry and instrumental in their clever ways; developed a way to profit by reducing workers, encouraged unsanitary habits and unscrupulous ways which resulted as a disastrous blow to the public. This bad habit in the food industry (primarily the meat factories) in late 1800s to early 1900s aroused one of the most controversial novel (expose) â€Å"The Jungle† by Upton Sinclair, and yet thri lling insight with details as toRead MoreThe Origins Of Current U.s. Food Regulation1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe origins of current U.S. food regulation primarily date back more than 100 years to the Food and Drugs Act of 1906. 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The Privacy Policies Of The Grocery Store Chains - 1936 Words

Introduction This paper examines the privacy policies of three grocery store chains. The stores chosen include the regional chain Giant and the national chains Safeway and Whole Foods. Section one provides an overview and examination of the mission statements of each of the chains. Section 2 analyzes and compares the privacy policies of each. Section 3 provides recommendations to the privacy policy to improve business advantages. Finally, Section 4 recommends changes to the policies based upon privacy and data protection for customers. 1. Mission Statements Giant Food Stores, LLC Giant Food Stores were founded in 1923 in Carlisle, PA as the Carlisle Meat Market. Since then it has grown into a regional grocery chain operating over 200†¦show more content†¦The mission of Safeway is to â€Å"earn your loyalty by anticipating and fulfilling their needs with superior-quality products while offering a unique shopping experience which generates long-term growth for the shareholders† (Safeway, 2016a). Safeway collects customer data through the use of their bonus/loyalty cards as well as through the use of their website and other services. Whole Foods Market Whole Foods Market was founded in Austin, Texas in 1980 making it the newest of the three grocery chains chosen for examination. Currently, they operate over 400 stores across the United States, Canada, and Great Britain (Whole Foods, 2016b). Their mission statement simply says â€Å"Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet† (Whole Foods, 2016a). However, they further explain this mission statement by defining seven values. These values are quality natural and organic products, customer satisfaction, employee excellence, wealth creation, community support, environmental stewardship, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. These value statements reflect a desire to attract an environmental and health conscious customer base. The use of bonus/loyalty cards is currently only available at certain locations in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. However, they have the availability of online ordering and collect data from customer purchases. 2. Analysis of Privacy Policies

Clical Reasoning as Described by Neistdadt - 1819 Words

AccoIntroduction The aim of this essay is to explore the Clinical reasoning thinking frame as described by Neistadt (1996). Clinical reasoning is a set of skill performed by occupational therapists which are central to practice and involved throughout the Occupational therapy process (Neistadt, 1996, AOTA, 2008). This will be done in relation to our case study of which the protagonist is Hugh, a 70 year old widower and retired baker, who was managing well an episode of depression but has recently been found apathetic, unwashed and in soiled clothes by the public mental health nurse, and referred to see an occupational therapist. Narrative Reasoning The first element of this process we will discuss is narrative reasoning which concerns itself with the construction and subsequent analysis of the client’s occupational story (Neistadt, 1996, Duncan, 2006). This process is developed through allowing the client the opportunity to create a narrative image through story-telling, this can manifest itself in an adumbration of their life experience and how it has been altered through disability, disease or transition (Duncan, 2006, Neistadt, 1996). The importance for a practitioner to explore the client’s narrative is not only in the development of their story but it also gives the therapist insight into the person and a possible future for them (Higgs, 2008). The use of certain assessments can be particularly effective in the development of a client’s narrative, one of which being

Financial Statements Evaluation Lightweight Metals Technology

Question: Discuss about the Financial Statements Evaluation for Lightweight Metals Technology. Answer: Financial Statements Analysis of Cadence Company Three Years Information on Financial Statements of Cadence Financial Statements 2016 2015 2014 Total Equity $1075 $1376 $1334 Current Assets $5,380,636 $5,279,525 $18,891,137 Fixed Assets $320,750,485 $315,829,479 $245,691,848 Total Assets $342,212,110 $336,312,044 $264,657,154 Net Income $76,513 $85,375 $30,190,056 Amount Paid to Shareholders in Cash $12,341,213 $11,111,185 $9,898,166 Amount Paid to Shareholders in Stock Buybacks $421,915 $421,915 $421,915 Total Amount Distributed with Shareholders $123,834,128 $11,533,100 $10,320,081 Short Term Debt 50 0 342 Long Term Debt 643 349 349 Cash Flow Analysis of Cadence Cash Flow Statement 2015 ($) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from the sale of investments 540,473,533 Payments for the purchase of investments (653,026,793) Capital return on investments Dividends received 8,761,126 Interest received 2,035,499 Other income received 13,950 Management fees paid (2,784,335) Performance fees paid (12,800) Brokerage expenses on share purchases (575,514) Interest paid (683,116) Dividends paid on shorts (242,449) Payments for administration expenses (707,717) Income tax paid (5,196,425) NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES (111,945,041) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Dividends paid (15,650,799) Proceeds from shares issued 66,440,227 NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES 50,789,428 NET (DECREASE)/ INCREASE IN CASH HELD (61,155,613) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AS AT BEGINNING OF THE FINANCIAL YEAR 93,826,031 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AS AT END OF THE FINANCIAL YEAR 32,670,418 Positive cash flow of Cadence that the company is increasing its liquid assets and using its increased cash flow in reinvesting in its business operations, providing a huge return to its shareholders, paying expenses and generate a safeguard against upcoming financial challenges (Cadence.com. 2016). MVA Calculation of Cadence Market Value Added (MVA) of Cadence in the year 2014: MVA+ Capital Invested = Market Value MVA= $231,197,359- $137,735,570 = $93,461,789 Market Value Added (MVA) of Cadence in the year 2015: MVA+ Capital Invested = Market Value MVA= $302,996,147- $280,018,162 = $22,977,985 Market Value Added (MVA) of Cadence in the year 2016: MVA+ Capital Invested = Market Value MVA= $330,896,158- $290,210,184 = $40,685,974 From the MVA analysis, it was gathered that the MVA of Cadence has decreased in the year 2015 and then increased in the year 2016. Such increase is because of the reason that it is generating positive returns and having strong leadership along with sound governance (Frattini et al. 2013). Analysis and Conclusions From the financial statement analysis, it was gathered that the company experiences positive ash flow in the year 2015. This is because of the reason that the company is increasing its liquid assets and using its increased cash flow in reinvesting in its business operations, providing a huge return to its shareholders, paying expenses and generates a safeguard against upcoming financial challenges (Golez 2014). Moreover, MVA analysis it was gathered that an increase in MVA of Cadence is for the reason that it is producing positive returns and maintaining strong corporate governance. Financial analysis over three years of the company revealed that the net income of the company has decreased over the past three years. Such decrease is because of the reason that its expenses have increased over the past three years. The company is dealing with increasing overhead costs, specially as the company increased the payment of long term employees ever year (Healy and Palepu 2012). Total assets of Cadence is observed to increase over the years from 2014 to 2016 because of the reason that it is not utilizing its assets efficiently in gaining maximum profits or has made increased investments in its assets hose are not contributing effectively to the bottom line. Financial Management 1. Date Price Return Dividend Return of dividend 7/1/2016 9.522239 3.02% 6/1/2016 9.243052 0.00% 5/4/2016 0.03 -3% 5/2/2016 9.243052 -16.77% 4/1/2016 11.105247 16.60% 3/1/2016 9.524464 7.28% 2/3/2016 0.03 -14% 2/1/2016 8.878232 23.03% 1/4/2016 7.216544 -26.14% 12/1/2015 9.770547 5.45% 11/4/2015 0.03 36% 11/2/2015 9.265686 5.15% 10/1/2015 8.811746 -7.56% 9/1/2015 9.532079 2.22% 8/5/2015 0.03 9% 8/3/2015 9.32486 -3.96% 7/1/2015 9.709269 -11.48% 6/1/2015 10.968424 -10.80% 5/7/2015 0.03 13% 5/1/2015 12.29644 -6.65% 4/1/2015 13.172549 3.87% 3/2/2015 12.681769 -12.64% 2/4/2015 0.03 -3% 2/2/2015 14.517288 -5.32% 1/2/2015 15.333686 -0.89% 12/1/2014 15.470857 -8.68% 11/5/2014 0.03 1% 11/3/2014 16.94054 3.35% 10/1/2014 16.391502 4.16% 9/2/2014 15.736234 -3.13% 8/6/2014 0.03 -4% 8/1/2014 16.244801 1.53% 7/1/2014 16.000385 10.07% 6/2/2014 14.536044 9.40% 5/8/2014 0.03 -9% 5/1/2014 13.28647 1.27% 4/1/2014 13.120182 4.66% 3/3/2014 12.535764 9.63% 2/5/2014 0.03 -4% 2/3/2014 11.43511 2.27% 1/2/2014 11.18171 8.28% 12/2/2013 10.326809 10.61% 11/6/2013 0.03 -7% 11/1/2013 9.335901 3.99% 10/1/2013 8.977975 14.16% 9/3/2013 7.864202 5.45% 8/7/2013 0.03 -12% 8/1/2013 7.457433 -2.78% 7/1/2013 7.670355 1.66% 6/3/2013 7.544929 -8.00% 5/9/2013 0.03 -1% 5/1/2013 8.201009 0.34% 4/1/2013 8.173272 -0.23% 3/1/2013 8.192504 0.00% 2/6/2013 0.03 1% 2/1/2013 8.192504 -3.30% 1/2/2013 8.471679 1.84% 12/3/2012 8.318345 3.21% 11/1/2012 8.059594 -1.87% 10/31/2012 0.03 -3% 10/1/2012 8.212928 -2.94% 9/4/2012 8.461397 3.50% 8/1/2012 0.03 3% 8/1/2012 8.174894 1.42% 7/2/2012 8.060293 -3.20% 6/1/2012 8.326749 2.34% 5/10/2012 0.03 4% 5/1/2012 8.136423 -11.84% 4/2/2012 9.228986 -2.89% 3/1/2012 9.504054 -1.47% 2/1/2012 0.03 3% 2/1/2012 9.64633 0.39% 1/3/2012 9.608389 17.46% 12/1/2011 8.18037 -13.67% 11/2/2011 0.03 -15% 11/1/2011 9.475991 -6.61% 10/3/2011 10.146461 12.43% 9/1/2011 9.024315 -25.23% 8/3/2011 0.03 -11% 8/1/2011 12.07014 -12.92% 7/1/2011 13.860662 -7.12% 6/1/2011 14.923971 -5.65% 5/12/2011 0.03 8% 5/2/2011 15.817904 -0.94% 4/1/2011 15.968544 -3.74% 3/1/2011 16.588499 4.81% 2/2/2011 0.03 4% 2/1/2011 15.827645 1.87% 1/3/2011 15.537673 7.67% 12/1/2010 14.43119 17.21% 11/3/2010 0.03 -7% 11/1/2010 12.311989 0.15% 10/1/2010 12.293448 8.51% 9/1/2010 11.329805 18.49% 8/4/2010 0.03 -8% 8/2/2010 9.561571 -8.27% 7/1/2010 10.423245 11.03% 6/1/2010 9.387453 -13.57% 5/5/2010 0.03 -10% 5/3/2010 10.861825 -13.12% 4/1/2010 12.502271 -5.69% 3/1/2010 13.256317 7.07% 2/3/2010 0.03 6% 2/1/2010 12.381251 4.71% 1/4/2010 11.824618 -21.03% 12/1/2009 14.973516 28.75% 11/4/2009 0.03 27% 11/2/2009 11.629555 1.04% 10/1/2009 11.509328 -5.34% 9/1/2009 12.158002 8.88% 8/5/2009 0.03 6% 8/3/2009 11.166458 2.71% 7/1/2009 10.872259 13.84% 6/1/2009 9.550207 12.04% 5/6/2009 0.03 -12% 5/1/2009 8.523999 1.96% 4/1/2009 8.360489 23.57% 3/2/2009 6.765821 17.82% 2/4/2009 0.17 -17% 2/2/2009 5.742651 -18.30% 1/2/2009 7.02879 -30.82% 12/1/2008 10.159715 4.65% 11/5/2008 0.17 47% 11/3/2008 9.708572 -5.14% 10/1/2008 10.234806 -49.07% 9/2/2008 20.095819 -29.72% 8/6/2008 0.17 98% 8/1/2008 28.595158 -4.29% 7/1/2008 29.876507 -5.25% 6/2/2008 31.531885 -12.24% 5/1/2008 35.93148 16.71% 4/30/2008 0.17 14% 4/1/2008 30.788292 -3.07% 3/3/2008 31.764774 -2.91% 2/6/2008 0.17 4% 2/1/2008 32.716129 12.83% 1/2/2008 28.996864 -9.47% 12/3/2007 32.028873 0.49% 11/1/2007 31.871138 -8.13% 10/31/2007 0.17 0% 10/1/2007 34.692833 1.64% 9/4/2007 34.132946 7.09% 8/1/2007 0.17 -1% 8/1/2007 31.873121 -3.94% 7/2/2007 33.1819 -5.75% 6/1/2007 35.205822 -1.82% 5/2/2007 0.17 7% 5/1/2007 35.8573 16.89% 4/2/2007 30.67713 4.69% 3/1/2007 29.302752 1.47% 2/1/2007 28.8792 3.44% 1/31/2007 0.17 -1% 1/3/2007 27.919729 8.20% 12/21/2006 0.15 -3% 12/1/2006 25.803797 -3.24% 11/1/2016 0.15 -7% 11/1/2006 26.667381 8.38% 10/2/2006 24.605515 3.10% 9/1/2006 23.865053 -1.92% 8/2/2006 0.15 -2% 8/1/2006 24.33316 -4.05% 7/3/2006 25.360125 Rate of return -0.11% 3% 2. Type of Debts Cost of Debts Amount Weight Tax Rate E/V D/V Common Stock 0.00% 1391 12.99% 35.00% 15% 85% preferred stock 3.75% 58 0.54% Commercial Paper 0.60% 198 1.85% Debt Capital 1.61% 9065 84.62% Total 10712 100% WACC 2% 3. The essay is indented to conduct an evaluation on Alcoa stock and computation regarding return rate of the companys stock is done from July 1, 2006, to July 1, 2016. By taking into account the gathered information from Yahoo Finance, calculation for return rate has been conducted and a negative figure is found with 0.11% (Dumont and Schmit 2013). On the other hand, after consideration of the holding period return initiative that encompasses dividend in computation and the figure is found to be 3% that is positive. Regarding computation, it can be stated that technique of holding period return is an advantageous strategy for obtaining increased return. After computation of weighted average cost of capital that is computed through extracting current information of the company and corporate tax rate taken into regard is 35% as per the US Federal rate. WACC is deemed 2% that is reasonable (Alcoa.com. 2016). Based on public source, the Acola split news has been famous and it is also deemed that it might further split within publically trading organization. This was acknowledged to be a legacy in aluminum operation and diversification within automotive industry. The organization has attained increased growth through its titanium and aluminum manufacture and from aerospace industry. As mentioned by Alocas CEO, it was the appropriate time for attaining split. The companys business division has attained a superior position and strategy for an organization attaining increased profit and revenue. After the split up of the company, it might add 40% of its profits within the sectors of Alcoa's Aerospace, automotive and transportation and in building construction. After the organizations decision of splitting Alocas shareholders might attain 80.1% shares in fresh shares (Chauhan and Singh 2014). Aloca might acquire 85% of the organizations shareholding worth $9 billion in the debt form by offerin g support to Alcoas existence within aluminum sector. Such split might facilitate the company in boosting anticipated trading price of a common stock, which further can support in enhancing the companys liquidity position. After evaluating the financial situation of Alcoas stock, it is gathered that the organization might earn increased profit after the split in two different organizations. Moreover, it was also gathered that recently the organization has authorized shares worth 1.8 billion (Davis and Haegler 2016). Within this division, Aloca will consider the specialty of value added offerings made of aluminum. Conversely, the companys another division is focused on automotive and aerospace and the transportation industry in attempt to attain increased return and revenue. Reference List Alcoa.com., 2016.Alcoa | Global Leader in Lightweight Metals Technology, Engineering Manufacturing. [online] Available at: https://www.alcoa.com [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Cadence.com., 2016.EDA Tools and IP for System Design Enablement | Cadence. [online] Available at: https://www.cadence.com [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Chauhan, A. and Singh, A.P., 2014. Optimal replenishment and ordering policy for time dependent demand and deterioration with discounted cash flow analysis.International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research,6(4), pp.407-436. Davis, P.J. and Haegler, U., 2016. Mergers and Market Definition: Does a Focus on Value AddedAdd Value?.Journal of European Competition Law Practice, p.lpw015. Dumont, G. and Schmit, M., 2013.Tier 1 MFIs Financial Performance: Cash-flow statement analysis(No. 13-054). ULB--Universite Libre de Bruxelles. Frattini, F., Dell'Era, C. and Rangone, A., 2013. Launch Decisions and the Early Market Survival of Innovations: An Empirical Analysis of the Italian Mobile Valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Added Services (VAS) Industry.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(S1), pp.174-187. Golez, B., 2014. Expected returns and dividend growth rates implied by derivative markets.Review of Financial Studies,27(3), pp.790-822. Healy, P.M. and Palepu, K.G., 2012.Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Koopman, R., Wang, Z. and Wei, S.J., 2014. Tracing value-added and double counting in gross exports.The American Economic Review,104(2), pp.459-494. Maio, P. and Santa-Clara, P., 2015. Dividend yields, dividend growth, and return predictability in the cross section of stocks.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(1-2), pp.33-60. McMillan, D.G., 2014. Stock return, dividend growth and consumption growth predictability across markets and time: Implications for stock price movement.International Review of Financial Analysis,35, pp.90-101. Park, K. and Jang, S.S., 2013. Capital structure, free cash flow, diversification and firm performance: A holistic analysis.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.51-63.

Cost Effectiveness And Resource Allocation â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cost Effectiveness And Resource Allocation? Answer: Introducation Cost effectiveness is one of the main aims of firms; it is imperative for the management to consider if it is part and parcel of the resource allocation. The first step is to apply the standardization in cost management. Standardization of cost management is a significant step that ensures that the same standards are used in the process of monitoring the overall costs of the operations. The other step relates to the implementation of activity based costing[1] the method is paramount in the identification of the actual costs that are accrued in production, selling and delivering the products and services that the company deals with. Nonetheless, variance analysis also engages the linking of the budgets with cost effectiveness. Variance analysis shades light on the deviations between the actual costs and the predicted costs. The variance also allows for the comparison of the companys costs with those that are incurred by other companies in the industry. Through the variance analysis, m anagers can identify the critical success factors and the weaknesses. With this, the managers can come up with policies that will help them improve their performance. Process of Resource Planning The process of resource planning is vital in the achievement of the objectives of the business. The first step involves defining of the project of the business. The next step is to formulate the strategies and the measures to take. The third step is to implement the strategies and the measures. Lastly, the results can be utilized in adapting and improve the business.[2] The process of resource planning is determined by the way resources are allocated. If resources are properly allocated then the process of resource planning will run smoothly. Model for measuring resultant resource planning The model that will be significant in this case will be the logical model. The model will aid in the measuring of the performance of the resource planning. The model will involve the stake holders where they will in a position to access the performance and the direction of the organization. The logical model creates a room where the impact of the resource planning on the objectives of the company can be checked. Various factors must stir the implementation of resource planning. For example, changes in the behavior of the employees and in the norms of the society, the involvement rate, the levels of customer satisfaction and the capacity of the resource planning to help in the improving of the services and the goods that are rendered[3] The tolerances that will trigger implementation will include spending of more resources to factors that need more attention such as customer satisfaction and also in promoting of transparency throughout the organization so as participation by all is en couraged. The tolerances arise due to the dire need to encourage possible business decisions, create accountability and promoting effective and efficient utilization of resources. Process for comparing the forecasted budget The first step involves coming up with variance reports. The report will state the deviation that exists between the actual costs and the predicted costs of the organization. The report can be in the form of a table. The other step is to look into the components that constitute of costs and then justifying why the variances are available. The next step is to consider the effect that the variances have on the fixed costs. Likewise, one has to consider the impact on them on variable expenses. All these can be made easier through the use of tables.[4] Afterward, it's a chance to give conclusions and come up with recommendations. The conclusion and recommendations will form the way forward of how to deal with the situation at hand. In the allocation of the budgets, all the recommended individuals should be involved. Then the roles of budgeting should be properly delegated. The resultant of the measurement The result of the measurement will be predetermined by parameters in the logic model. The model aims at indicating if the resource planning is favorable or unfavorable. The model will be tested through it proving that it has parameters that will produce the desired results. The parameters in the model include the encouragement of the use of accurate data, the information should also be reliable. The parameters also instigate the use of resources that can be tested to identify their validity. In addition, the model allows for conclusions to be made should be justifiable by the model. The model should be that which can allow the implementation of transparency that will allow evaluation and assessment to be made with ease. References Cassidy, A., A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press, 2016. Estampe, D. et al., A framework for analyzing supply chain performance evaluation Models,International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 142, no.2, 2013, pp. 247- DRURY, C.,Management and cost accounting. Springer, 2013. Marseille, E.et al., Thresholds for the costeffectiveness of interventions: alternative approaches,Bulletin of the World Health Organization,vol. 93, no. 2, 2015. pp. 118- [1] Marseille, E.et al., Thresholds for the costeffectiveness of interventions: alternative approaches,Bulletin of the World Health Organization,vol. 93, no. 2, 2015. pp. 118-124. [2] Cassidy, A., A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press, 2016. [3] Estampe, D. et al., A framework for analyzing supply chain performance evaluation models,International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 142, no.2, 2013, pp. 247-258. [4] DRURY, C.,Management and cost accounting. Springer, 2013.