Automobile? The Main Source of Pollution? Essay

Innovation and creativity, these atomic number 18 the in truth benchmarks that pave the way in producing newfangled technology that g everywherens the very lives of our future. But the question is, is it doing more than harm than sound to society? To verify the nature and essence of this query, I result be inquiring and delving into the world of moves and motorcycles. On one hand, I balance the redbrick wonders that craft the very definitions of convenience and comfort. While on the another(prenominal), I collapse the unfathom adequate to(p) realities that draw the line between useful and harmful. Therefore, let it be stated that I nominate come to an beneathstanding that some(prenominal) automobiles and motorcycles correct a substantial threat the world is constantly ignoring. In look into this discussion, I will begin by number 1 illustrating the statistics on self-possession of automobiles and motorcycles made in the United States. Then, I shall be focusing on the comparison between the subjects and issues that society deals with regard to automobiles and motorcycles by citing some examples in Southeast Asia. Lastly, I will emphasize the k this instantn facts and matters that give force on the current view of automobiles in the society. To start with, it is acknowledged that attest ownership of the automobiles is increasing day by day.According to the US place of Transit Statistics for 2004 in that respect ar a total of 243,023,485 registered passenger vehicles in the U.S. of which 136,430,651 (56.13%) argon classified as autos. While 91,845,327 (37.79%) are classified under 2 axles and 4 tire vehicles, presumably SUVs and pick-up trucks. Yet other 6,161,028 (2.53%) are classified as vehicles with 2 axles and 6 tires and 2,010,335 (0.82%) are classified as trucks in combination. In addition to that, there are round 5,780,870 motorcycles in the U.S. in 2004, which accounts for 2.37% of all registered passenger vehicles. With the incre asing number of automobiles yearly, there is a plan to translate an effective way of reducing the sacks from cars by dint of hybrids, diesel and other form of technology. Recent studies show that automobile emanations are not as bad as motorcycles emissions. Usually, motorcycles are not the major(ip) form of transportations in developed countries. Astonishingly, the Ameri quarter Chemical Society reports that motorcycles collectively emit 16 times more hydro speed of lights, three times more carbon monoxide and a disproportionately high amount of other ambiance pollutants compared to passenger cars ( light Daily, 2008). The study, by the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, has found both two- and four-cycle motorcycle engines emitted significantly more of these pollutants than automobile engines.Given this data, we can now visualise the ineffectiveness of motorcycles. Given the sitting capacity of a car compared to a motorcycle, a car is able to h old twice as much sitting capacity compared to motorcycles. In developing countries such as Indonesia, the number of motorcycles is overwhelming compared to the number of automobiles. Being born in Surabaya, Indonesia, I necessitate witnessed some of the worst air pollution that I postulate ever encountered. It has been so bad to an extent that I can see dust on my front porch every ten minutes upon suck it clean Although, there have been seen steps taken to reduce the emissions in automobiles, regulations has been a bit late for motorcycles. This does not take into account the other subjects related to pollution such as air contamination, water contamination, commonwealth contamination, and solid waste mishandling ( L. Gari, 475 488).Un alike automobile emissions that have been regulated only afterward 1970s, the motorcycle emissions have only been regulated only after 1999. This technical advancement has made motorcycles less harmful to the environs. Thus, future bikes may have emissions from new motorcycles at a akin level of emissions as cars. For example, the 1000cc Suzuki V-Strom produced in 2002, equipped with a regulated catalyzer, oxygen sensor and fuel injection, complies with 2003 emissions limits and is very close to the 2006 ones (Motorcycle Emission, 2008).It is also said that they have trim down 60% of the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons emissions of new four-stroke bikes produced from the 1st April 2003 and reinforcing it on 1st January 2006. This will in bout apply a further 50% reduction compared to the 2003 limits. Two-stroke engines will see their emissions output reduce by 30% for carbon oxide and 70% for hydrocarbons. Hopefully, motorcycles will have low level of oxides of north and limits will remain the same for 2003 giving the time for the diligence to achieve more drastic nitrogen oxide measures for 2006. With this at hand, Indonesia air pollution would be drastically reduced. Automobiles and motorcycles affect our envi ronment and push them into critical conditions. There are even unusual emissions that are produced in the atmosphere (Beychok, 29 36). Pollutants from automobiles are the major causes for one thousand raise effects and other environmental pollutions. Although capital of Thailand is praised with their three-wheeled vehicles whose name comes from the pop sound produced by their horribly polluting two-stroke engines, tuk-tuks look like beat-up golf carts with roofs and backseats and function as inner-city taxis (Hertsgaard, 1999).Unfortunately, tuk-tuks and motorbikes, in terms of mobility, are undercut by their abnormal tailpipe flummox that burn a fuel that is small-arm gasoline, part benzene. Benzene of course causes cancer and each flick of a number one woods wrist sends thick puffs of bluish-white smoke into the already soup like air (Hertsgaard, 1999). Though the presence of tuk-tuks created many jobs as a tuk-tuk number one wood for the people in Bangkok, it also cost t hem their health as stretch breathing of benzene causes cancer. Nowadays, diesel cars are scrubbed than the petrol cars. red-brick technologies have been applied in order to reduce the level of emission from cars. For example, carbon dioxide emissions are directly proportional to fuel consumption, and as diesel cars use 30 to 40% less fuel and they emit 30 to 40% less carbon dioxide than petrol cars (Vasic and Weilenmann, 149 154). On the other hand, inbred gas and LPG cars are actually quite fuel inefficient, if otherwise cleaner burning, and so produce more CO2 than diesel.Diesel engines produce intimately no carbon monoxide. Emissions of nitrous oxides can be effectively reduced in both petrol and diesel cars by use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). EGR reduces the combustion temperature to below the top where nitrogen effectively burns. Hydrocarbon emissions are contained in petrol engine emissions much more than in diesel engine emissions. Benzene is also present in th e fumes which can be smelt when filling up with petrol at a service station however this is not a problem with diesel. Personally, I strongly feel that it is necessary for everyone to get a car since it has a viable use in the lives of ordinary men and women. Moreover, cars have been viewed as a twentieth-century technology (Hertsgaard, 1999). Since the invention of automobiles, more and more industries associated with it have begun to expand. This in turn provides enormous employment opportunities to the people.With that, countries such as Thailand, China and Bangkok have soon started to welcome foreign automobile industries to invest in order to boost their economic progress. One great example of this specific event is the success story of Thailand. Over the past two decades, Thailands per capita income in 1991 was U.S$ 1,570a stunning six fold increase over the 1971 figure of U.S$271 making Thailand an apparent economic success story (Hertsgaard, 1999). With a sudden massive eco nomic growth in an automobile industry as have been seen, there comes a price that everyone has to pay. In conclusion, not only automobiles emissions is held scapegoat to many people near the world for global warming and the increase of greenhouse gases, certain factors such as the massive motorcycles emissions are also partly to blame. Both the automobile and motorcycles affect our environment and push them into critical conditions such as the green house effects and other environmental pollutions.Overall, I agree with Hertsgaard when he made a strong point that proponents of the car like to point out, as the Mobil Corporation did in a 1995 advertisement in the unseasoned York Times, that the cars and skies in the United States are much cleaner now than they were a quarter of a century ago(Hertsgaard, 1999). This statement he makes inspires the constitutional environmentalist out there that their efforts have not gone too waste.WORKS CITEDScienceDaily.Amounts of Air Pollutants. March 21, 2008http//www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060101155000.htmU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Automobile Emissions An Overview. August, 1994 1-5. 21 March, 2008http//www.epa.gov/OMS/consumer/05-autos.pdfBeychok, Milton R. (January 1987). A Database for Dioxin and Furan Emissions from Refuse Incinerators. Atmospheric Environment 21 (1) 29-36Christi, The faithfulness About Diesel Emissions Freds Tdi Forum 21 March, 2008http//www.stealthtdi.com/Emissions.htmlResearch and advanced(a) Technology Administration (RITA). Estimated National Average vehicle Emissions Rates per vehicle by Vehicle Type using Reformulated accelerator and Diesel.U.S. Department of pane (US DOT) Nov. 29, 2007. 21 March, 2008 .Hertsgaard , Mark . Earth Odyssey Around the World in hunt club of Our Environmental Future . New York Broadway Books, 1999.Gari. Arabic Treatises on Environmental defilement up to the End of the Thirteenth Century, Environment and History 8 (4), 2002, pp. 475-488Mo torcycle Emissions Bikes Go Greener. British Motorcyclists Federation 30 Sep, 2004.21 March, 2008 http//www.bmf.co.uk/pages/briefing_room_archive.php?fullstory=432rider Vehicles in the United States. Wikipedia 27 February 2008 21 March, 2008 .Vasic, Ana -Marija and Martin Weilenmann. Comparison of Real-World Emissions. Environmental Science&Technology 402006 149-154. 21 March, 2008 .Self-evaluation Upon starting this search, I experienced several setbacks and challenges. It took me a total of 3 days of researching and 2 days to complete the essay. The first thing which I did in this essay was the search for good witnesser information for this research. This was hard as I have to be able to find data which preferably have a range of 10 years. Secondly, I read the Top Ten Tips on the transition and brainy beginnings and I really can see myself being a correct writer with it. The last and final step was for me to put all the information down and start writing followed by proofread ing. For this research only managed to do a single draft and I did not get the attend to of any body except the tools of Microsoft words such as its thesaurus and dictionary.I believe that my strong and insightful data on the emission outputs of automobiles and motorcycles are the strengths of my essay. In addition to that I believe that my essay is light-colored because of proofreading problems. One of the primary problems that I have with this essay was that I have to retype everything again due to a computer problem. The essay was supposed to be done on my lap top. However, it crashed and I am unable to patronage my data causing me to lose come information that can jock me with this essay. One thing that I would do next time is unimpeachably to start earlier and have a visit to Dr Lankford office to require him on his views on my current ideas for the essay. I would definitely rewrite this essay for the second time in hope to have at least a B+/- for this course as it depe nded on this essay.ReferencesVehicle ratios since 1990 categoryMotorvehiclesIncreasein vehicles% Growth19901892+1.011991188-1-0.5219921902+1.0619931944+2.1019941984+2.0619952024+2.0219962064+1.9819972084+1.9419982080+/-019992168+3.8420002182+0.9220012268+3.6620022304+1.7620032311+0.43All numbers in millionsSOURCE US Department of TransportationEstimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates per Vehicle by Vehicle Type using Reformulated Gasoline and Diesel (Grams per mile)1995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007RFG (assuming 100% RFG) Light-duty vehiclesExhaust HC1.451.281.151.040.970.840.760.680.620.550.470.410.38Nonexhaust HC0.890.870.860.840.820.640.630.610.590.570.540.510.47Total HC2.342.152.011.881.781.481.391.291.211.121.020.9210.852Exhaust CO22.7820.8419.4318.2517.2115.3614.6813.8813.1712.4911.449.819.29Exhaust NOx1.781.641.551.461.351.241.191.121.061.000.900.770.72DIESELLight-duty vehiclesExhaust HC0.770.790.810.810.820.800.760.730.730.600.580.480.36Exhaust CO 1.691.731.761.781.791.781.751.731.741.591.571.411.21Exhaust NOx1.891.891.881.861.851.811.721.621.541.431.321.110.85KEYCO = carbon monoxide HC = hydrocarbon NOx = nitrogen oxide RFG = reformulated gasoline.SOURCEU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, person-to-person communication, Nov. 29, 2007.