Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened

Catherine II was Russias first ruler, who was considered as tiro. As a child increase up in Germany, she was given an enlightened education. She enthusiastic wholey read enlightened literature, and in brief became a adherent of the enlightenment. As Empress she continued to read the works of Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire.Although it is widely accepted that Catherine II was an enlightened despot, it has too been argued that she did nonhing more than allow the continuation of policies that had began in the run of beam I Although she claimed to be an enlightened despot, Catherine II did no more than continue the policies of her predecessors. An separate production line as to wherefore Catherine didnt carry out more enlightened reforms was due to her not wanting to make these enlightened reforms the policies that Catherine II adopted were not adopted because of her beliefs, and/or her desire to create an enlightened society, but were instead rentn out to husband her power, and to satisfy her vanity. Historians alike Harris claim that Catherine lone(prenominal) appeared to be enlightened to enhance her written report with the philosophes.This view is also taken by R. Charques, who states that the enlightenment in Catherine was not much deeper than her vanity despotism on the other hand was connotative in her ambition. 1 There has also been the case that Catherine had appreciate the insecurity of going also further and/or too fast. She had experience the downfall of her husband for doing just that. As H. Nickelson puts it No despot was ever more subtly advised that politics is the art of the possible and that everything can be lost if a states mangoes too far, or too fastAnother valid argument is that Catherine became more conservative, and less involuntary to change the laws of Russia, on the lines of the enlightenment, as she got older, and had come to realise the scale of problems which faced Russia. The enthusiasm with which she began h er hulk soon faded as the reality of Russian backwardness and its intolerance to change sank in. Harris sums up this identify she alter with the exercise of power, her ahead of time idealism was abandoned as she learnt to understand the complexities of the Russian situation, and thus her enlightenment was simply skin deepA Key limitation to her enlightening Russia was the role that the grandness played in documentation and maintaining her power. Although the aristocracy were glad to be rid of the insane shaft of light III, Catherine had no claim to the throne. umpteen in Russia believed that she should only be regent for her son Paul, or that the ex Tsar Ivan IV should be re ap charge uped. but with the abide of the grandeur Catherine could retain power for herself. But without the validate of the nobility there was always the danger of the army who had so easily placed her on the throne could just as easily rouse her.With all these limitations on her power Oppenheim a sks would she attempt to put into practice many of her modern ideas about which she had read, or would she continue to govern Russia in the traditional mannor. 4 Since the death of dickhead I, the nobles had slowly begun to increase their powers. Their tyrannical state service, which asshole I had set up, was firstly cut to twenty-five historic period in the reign of Anna, and later in the reign of Peter III it was completely abolished, for that of hereditary peers, thus securing the role of the nobility in Russian society.Immediately after the death of Peter I there was an attempt by some nobles to restrict the power of the crown, via a supreme secret council. Cowie claims, It consisted of six members drawn from the old and the naked as a jaybird nobility. Its powers included complete control of legislation, but it aroused such(prenominal) opposition from the nobility that these had to be restricted. 5 It is clear to see that the nobility then were powerful enough to attemp t to limit the autocracy, which Peter I had established. However their own class opposed them, which left the councils power restricted.The supreme council tried some years later to limit the power of the monarchy. Upon the nomination of Anna as Empress, she was presented with a document that she had to sign in mark to be crowned. This document would necessitate allowed the nobles to have a share in how the state was run. This would have been to wreak her into a constitutional monarch. 6 Cowie also agrees with this statement If put into practice these proposals would have replaced Russian autocracy by an oligarchy. 7 However the document didnt carry the mass support of the nobility.Again the nobility, which had the power to originate a constitution, also had the power to stop its implementation. The constitutional rights they requested in 1730 were more restrictive on the crown than those they had asked for in 1725, which supports the idea that the nobles had increasingly gaine d power after the death of Peter I. In 1730 the undercover Council itself went against the wish of Empress Catherine I (who had nominated her daughter Elizabeth if Peter II should die) and instead choose and crowned Anna Duchess of Courland.not only was central government under more influence from the nobility, but local anaesthetic government too was rapidly falling back into the hands of the nobility. During the reign of Peter II the nobles who ruled on behalf of the boy- tsar, began to take back some powers in local government which Peter I had taken away. As Harris Puts it if Peter II had lived dogged, all of the work Peter the great had done would have been undone. 8 Cowie also argues this point the reign of this boy czar was a triumph for the conservative nobility. After the death of the Empress Elizabeth in 1762, Peter III became Tsar, and Catherine became his Tsarina. During his short reign Peter managed to alienate the Russian nobility in particular the guards and the a rmy. He even off antagonised the church and the senate. Dukes claims, the guards could remedy make an empress or break an emperor. 10 He goes on to aver that Catherine had the support of these valuable guards and could control them through Orlov, her lover at the time, and that she used this power to overthrow her husband Peter III.Madarianga agrees with Dukes statement, she claims that Catherines many friends in the army joined in a plot to dethrone Peter III, and seized power with her full approval and participation11 During the coup of 1762 the support of the nobility ensured the quick and efficacious disposition of Peter III, which according to Oppenheim was virtually bloodless, and an easy victory for Catherine, in which the crown was practically offered to Catherine. Oppenheim the claims that the experiences of a poor ruler like Peter III meant that Catherine could only expect to retain as long as she able to demonstrate that she was an effective ruler.This argument has al so been supported by Lentin as such she remained permanently dependant on the good will of the nobility who could dethrone her as easily as they had raised her up. 13 I too agree with both Lentin and Oppenheim, as Catherines first priority was to sentry duty her own position, because those who had enthroned her could just as easily dispose of her. Harris on the other hand claims that Catherine could rely on the devotion of those who had gotten her in to power, and also on the fact that Russia was accustomed to an autocracy, and therefore would not have had to pertain about appeasing the nobility.I disagree with this claim, although Catherine could rely on the devotion of the conspirators she still had to maintain the support of the rest of the nobility. As Lentin writes It was after all, for antagonising the nobility that her husband and her son each met his death. 14 Catherine had watched the downfall of Peter III, and wasnt going to make his mistakes. On coming to power Catherin e had inherited a nation whose workforce was preponderantly conscripted. The serfs worked for the nobles, and although in theory Catherine was against serfdom, she knew few nobles would support her in any move to put down the serfs.Oppenheim claims that Catherine knew that abolishing or even reducing serfdom would entail enormous social upheaval and violent protests from the nobles and that she lacked the administrative machinery and armed forces to employ such a reform against their wishes. 15 Princess Dashkora also tells of the nobles unwillingness to emancipate the serfs she wrote, a noble would have to be out of his mind to voluntarily surrender the source of his own prosperity. Madarianga disagrees with Oppenheim she says that Catherine is criticised for giving away thousands of free peasants to her favourites and public savants, thus enserfing them.This view is also taken by Harris who claims that the Russian occupation of the Ukraine brought with it the oppressions of state power, taxation, squeeze labour and serfdom17 Lentin takes neither views he instead takes the view that the circumstances prevented Catherine from helping the serfs not the nobles The gulf between noble and serf was had grown too wide for Catherine to bridge it. Faced with such an impasse she could do nothing. 18 I agree with both Harris and Madarianga because Catherine introduced serfdom to parts of her empire where it did not exist, where the nobles would not have pushed for it.On her own estates and lands the condition of the serf also worsened. By the end of her reign over a million people were enserfed by Catherine. Catherine was brought closer to the nobility in 1773-75, during the Pugachev revolt. Lentin states that the revolt do the autocracy and the nobility wield together in a common self defence. 20 Harris also suggests that the Pugachev revolt aligned Catherine with the nobility her autocracy had been shown to rest squarely upon the support of the nobility. Stephen Le e has commented that the Pugachev revolt was an significant stage in her reign, which made her see the extent of Russias problems.This is said to have forced her to abandon ultra social reform, and instead maintain the existing social structure. Oppenheim has also claimed that the Pugachev revolt made Catherine more dependant on the nobility the revolt undoubtedly increased social division and made both Catherine and the nobles aware of their dependence on each other. 21 The Pugachev revolt prompted Catherine to declare that she was an aristocrat, it is my duty, and my profession. The Pugachev revolt showed Catherine that she needed the nobility to maintain peace, stability, law and order.Thus at this point much of her enlightened were abandoned in order to assuage the nobility and to reward them. The Pugachev revolt showed the need for a more efficient local government, as Pugachevs early successes were due to poor local administration. Catherine changed Peter I dodge of gove rnment, which brought the nobility under the central government, to a system which enlisted the co-operation of the nobility in the running of local government. This gave the nobles the authority to govern the provinces in co-operation with central government.Harris sums up this point Central government was recruiting from the nobility they appointed the nobility to be governors and councillors, and the latter ruled the provinces in co-operation with the local nobility. 22 Oppenheim argues that Catherine had not given away any significant power away in the reforms of 1775 since it was still the governor appointed by her who made all the noteworthy decisions at a local level. 23 Treasure sums up Oppenhiems point skilfully Catherine presented the with the semblance of government.She preserved the real power for those she chose the governors. I agree with Treasure that Catherine retained the real power herself, while appearing to appease/ give in to the nobles. The reforms of 1775 bou nd the nobles to the crown closer than ever before. The reforms of 1775 led directly to the mesh of the nobility 1785. Her recognition of the dual-lane interests of Tsar and the nobles was made explicit in the charter of the nobility. 24 The charter established the social pre-eminence of the nobility, and recognised them as a privileged caste with defined rights.Harris claims that by recognising the privileges of the nobility, her own autocracy was left unchallenged, and with the support of the nobility she made Russia the dominant state in Eastern Europe25 Oppenheim takes the viewpoint that to her the charter meant that there was a firm legal basis for the social structure in Russia, instead of the archaic social system of Peter the great. For a ruler intent on giving Russia an enlightened and sensible system of government this was a necessity. 26 Alexander claims that the charter didnt increase the power of the nobility it entirely confirmed in law the power they already had. I agree with Harris that the charter had aligned Catherine with the nobility. whatever threats of a coup by the noble receded. The nobles had received what they wanted, secured privileges and status. Catherine had ensured that she retained all significant power. As Oppenheim puts it The nobles this instant worked as willing junior partners of state, instead of unwilling servants of Peter I. Catherine IIs achievements in her reign were coniderable. However she is much critised for being insincere e. g for not bring about the sweeping reforms that she had advocated at the start of her riegn.Many of her critics question just how sure Catherine really was. Many historians now believe that Catherine wasnt a true disciple of the enlightenment, but instead used the principles of the enlightenment to advance her own popularity, and to satify her own vanity. Lentin supports the idea that Catherine wasnt a material enlightened despot. He goes as far to say that Catherine was a hypocrite, who used enlightened slogans as amask to enclose unenlightened policies27 Harris supports the notion that Catherine was not truly an enlightened despot, but was instead concerned with her reputation with the philosophes and Western Europe.He tells us that Catherine was at great pains to show herself as an apt bookman of the disciples. Oppenhiem also agrees with Harris that her policies contradicted many of her writings. The Nakaz in particular was hypocritical, designed purely to impress the western philosophes. This helps to explain why very few of her ideals which shehad once read about were ever put in to practice. In some cases Catherine actually did the opposite to what the enlightenment proposed. Catherine made Russian society even more unfair.She cemented the privileges of the Russian nobility in law. As Shennen puts it The liberties of the nobles constituted the liberties of a state or class and had significance precisely because other segments of the population, notably s erfs, did not share them28 On the other hand Blackwood suggests that Catherine was a genuine reformer, however the problems that faced Russia prevented her ideas from becoming a reality.James White supports Blackwoods claim, and he writes altogether it is fair to drag Catherine as almost certainly enlightened in her wishes. 29 Andrews sums up both Blackwood and whites argument Catherine was evidently influenced by the ideas of the philosophes but the size of Russia, the political power of the nobles and her own programme of conquest all prevented their being put into practice. I personally agree with the argument that Catherine was genuinely enlightened, and that the reason why she couldnt stop enlightened reform into Russian law was the complexities of the Russian situation.Catherine herself put this predicament well, when she wrote to Diderot With all your great principles which I understand very well, one would make fine books but very bad business. You forget in all your plan s of reform the diference in our positions you only work on paper which endures all things, but I poor Empress, work on the human skin which is irritable and ticklish to a very dissimilar degree. The most important reason why Catherine II could not achieve her enlightened ambitions was her dependence on the nobility. To what extent do you agree with this view?

Chapter 20 Problem 1

Week 5 Financing Strategy Problem Problem 1 Chapter 20 truehearted A has $10,000 in assets entirely financed with equity. Firm B also has $10,000 in assets, but these assets are financed by $5,000 in debt (with a 10 percent rate of avocation) and $5,000 in equity. Both firms sell 10,000 units of output at $2. 50 per unit. The variable comprises of production are $1, and fixed production bes are $12,000. (To unbosom the calculation, assume no income tax. ) A. What if the operating income (EBIT) for both firms? Sales/Revenue 10000 * 2. 50 = 25000 Variable salute 10000 * 1 = 10000 Fixed Production constitute 12000EBIT = gross revenue/revenue variable cost fixed production cost = 25000 10000 12000 = $3000 B. What are the earnings after bet? InterestEarnings after interest Firm A 0 3000 0 = $3000 Firm B5000 * 10% = 500 3000 500 = $2500 C. If sales attach by 10 percent to 11,000 units, by what piece will each firms earnings after interest increase? To answer the question, determine the earnings after taxes and compute the percentage increase in these earnings from the answers you derived in part b. Sales/Revenue 11000 * 2. 50 = 27500 Variable Cost 11000 * 1 = 11000Fixed Production Cost 12000 EBIT = sales/revenue variable cost fixed production cost = 27500 11000 12000 = 4500 Firm A Firm B Interest 05000 * 10% = 500 Earnings after interest (prior) 3000 0 = 3000 3000 500 = 2500 Earnings after interest (after) 4500 0 = 4500 4500 500 = 4000 Increase/decrease % 50% 60% D. Why are the percentage changes different? Firm B had a higher increase in profit because they had a higher net % change and lowered their interest income through their debt financing.

Ambedkar Open University (BAOU) Essay

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University (BAOU), Ahmedabad was established in 1994 by the Gujarat State Legislature. It is the seventh Open University in the country in terms of their establishment. The University offers 72 programs with an account of more than 1, 00,000 learners. The University has established regional join on the campus of South Gujarat University, Rajkot and has initiated the process of another establishing regional centre on the campus of North Gujarat University, Patan. It has jurisdiction over the whole state of Gujarat.The main objectives of the university are to advance and dust learning and knowledge by a diversity of means, including use of any communication technology and to go away opportunities for higher education to a large segment of the population. The university encourages the Open University and distance education system in the educational pattern of the State. The university is open to all persons irrespective of classes, castes, creed or religi on.Education is an crucial attitude all over the world, and is maybe one of the most forgotten topics in the underdeveloped countries. This is the main land why they dont contribute to the progress of their own countries. Education is a charitable right, and as a fundamental right it is the responsibility of authoritiess to provide it. The most important thing is that education influences human development, economic growth and the fundamental requirement for democracy.It is important in a country to invest a broad part of the profits in education, because in many countries, governments prefer to invest in weapons without sentiment that they should give another direction to the resources from the military where war and win are the most important thing. The government is blind, and they want to see first in the outside than in the inside, when there are more important things to fulfill like basic needs including food, clothing and shelter. Another important reason why it is in cumbent to invest in education is because children are being prepared to be poor laborers, just as the people years ago.Instead of preparing them for the future, they have been sent to the past with obsolete laws. There is a big necessity for programs that can teach the responsible use of resources, because without the right knowledge these people without education could be wasting a lot of resources and at the same time could be contributing to an unsustainable development. When speaking of development, the social occasion of women is important in these processes, because in the countrieswith the highest levels of human development it is declared that they offer equal opportunities and gender lawfulness in their societies. It means that women can reach high positions, and they can do many of the things that were restricted to them a few years ago. When people see

Compare and Contrast the Social Responsibility Theory

COMPARE AND tell THE AUTHORITARIAN THEORY WITH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY OF THE PRESS. The put right withal known as the quaternary estate plays a very critical role in educating, informing, entertaining and bridging the gap surrounded by the plurality partnership and the executive, judicial and legislative. Hence what is more essential is its stance on policy and choice of supposition, which is a system of law like propositions and set of ideas that guide action or predict a consequence.The aspiration of this research is to comp be, that is to put side by side and to contrast, and that is state the difference between the Authoritarian system with the loving responsibility theory of the press. There is not much of a hint of comparison between the Authoritarian theory and the mixer responsibility theory, in that the heart beat of the oppressive theory is designed to protect the status quo and existing affectionate order mainly biased towards the ruling elite and t hose that are in authority.The authoritarian press is under state control and heaps more thrust with the common media while the social responsibility of the press thrives on democracy and principles of public service media which seek to offer for minorities, the so c either tolded mass community and ordinary people. Unlike the authoritarian theory of the press, the social responsibility thoroughfare directly gets its funding from the public through with(predicate) licensing and this is true mainly for the electronic media.The authoritarian on unitary hand regards the role of the press to be that of nation building and propaganda and as a mouth component part for the ones in authority, hence the main source of funding is the ruling elite and the government. Both the authoritarian and social responsibility theory seek to communicate to an audience, communication is absolutely essential to effective drawship and press. The leader must be able to share knowledge and ideas to tr ansmit a sense of urgency and enthusiasm to others. If a leader idlert get a message across clearly and act others to act on it, then having a message doesnt even matter.This is the true hummer and finish of the authoritarian set by political leaders due to the reality that repetition is the rule of persistent and deep lasting impressions. This is a propagandist mode of communication to drive home a crabbed message. The state sets up censorship boards and agents to regulate and monitor the operations of the media in the authoritarian theory, issues of censorship and punishment for diversion from rules that are set by political leaders and authorities are central in this theory.It thrives on censorship and repression of granting immunity of expression as exemplified by the enactment of the draconian laws much(prenominal) as Public Order and Security serve chapter 117 (POSA), the Access To Information and Protection of secrecy Act Chapter 1027 (AIPPA), The Broadcasting Servi ces Act Chapter 1206 and the Criminal Law (Codification and reform) Act in the nation of Zimbabwe. Basically there is no diversity on coverage, which is cater for all savors and interests. The social responsibility theory of the press however is not rigid and allows for freedom of expression and thus catering for all tastes and interests.The socially responsible press takes something complicated and makes it simple to understand to layman, compared to the authoritarian which propagandises all selective information and feeds the masses with what the ruling elite desires to propagate that is government policy. I would like to believe that the authoritarian believes audiences are passive partakers of information whereas the social responsibility adheres to the reality that people are active consumers and do curb a choice of what media to consume.This is seen with the geographical universality of provision and reception, thus encouraging competition in programs and freedom to broadc asters, more over there is room for feedback and diversity while the authoritarian to a lesser peak diversifies to push government policy and agenda. The major criticism against the authoritarian theory is that it does not create a viable atmosphere and environment for free expression and diversity which are essential elements for any elected and free society hence the principles for the social responsibility theory may differ from country to country.What is of the essence(predicate) to understand is that the public service concept is opposed to the authoritarian, propagandist mode. Radio dialogue and other community radio initiatives are using legitimate means of giving people a real taste of media diversity and thus getting them involved They bring members of the community together, record their discussions and distribute this material on CDs. When people hear themselves they get excited about media issues. Authoritarian control tended to be exercised in arbitrary, erratic ways .Sometimes, considerable freedom might exist to publicize minority lotpoints and culture as persistent as authorities dont perceive a direct threat to their power. Unlike social responsibility theory, authoritarian theory doesnt prioritize cultivation of a homogeneous, field of study culture. It only requires acquiescence (compliance) to governing elite. This perspective also held that ruthless elites could use media as a means of gaining personal political power. These demagogues could manipulate media to transmit propaganda to discharge hatred and fear among a majority, unite them against minorities, e. g. s Hitler used the media to arouse hatred against the Jews. The genial certificate of indebtedness Theory of the Press, emphasize the need for an independent press that scrutinizes other social institutions and provides objective, accurate news reports. The approximately innovative feature of Social Responsibility theory was its call for media to be responsible for foster ing plentiful and creative Great Communities. It said that media should do this by prioritizing cultural pluralism- by becoming the voice of all the people- not just elite groups or groups that had dominated national, regional or local culture in the past.Dennis McQuail in 1987 summarized the basic principles of social responsibility theory as the following 1. Media should accept and fulfil trustworthy obligations to society. 2. These obligations are mainly to be met by setting high or passe-partout standards of in formativeness, truth, accuracy, objectiveness and balance. 3. in accepting and applying these obligations, media should be self-regulating within the framework of law and established institutions. 4. the media should avoid some(prenominal) might lead to crime, violence or civil disorder or give offense to minority groups. . the media as a whole should be plura mention and reflect the diversity of their society, giving memory access to various points of view and to r ights of reply. 6. Society and the public have a right to expect high standards of performance and intervention can be justified to secure the public good. 7. Journalists and media professionals should be accountable to society as well as to employers and the market. Social Responsibility theory has proved quite durable. Most journalists take seriously the central set of social Responsibility theory such as luralism and cultural diversity However the state of personal business is not so with the authoritarian theory of the press. Unlike the Authoritarian theory, the social responsibility theory of the press takes hid and pays cognisance to peoples right to true information- the right of people to express themselves freely through the media of communication and the journalistic dedication to objective reality this aims to provide public with adequate material to assist the formation of an accurate and comprehensive picture of the world.The journalists social responsibility is als o of the essence, this emphasizes the detail that journalistic information is social good not just a commodity. When it comes to the Journalists professional integrity dealing especially with rights not to work against personal conviction and other matters of personal ethics. The social responsibility theory of the press has respect for such, while the Authoritarian theory has no regard for such values and ethics. Ethics is a practise of moral behaviour by individuals, governments and social institutions.Ethics is more to do with principles concerning the rights and wrong of conduct, principles which have some reason theoretical basis which therefore apply objectively and impartially. Besley & Chadwich 1992 The Social responsibility theory of the press in contrast to the Authoritarian theory has respect for, Public access and participation, this includes the right of rectification and reply, respect for privacy and Human Dignity, respect for the Public interest.This relates to resp ect for the national community, in democratic institutions and public morals, respect of Universal Values and diversity of cultures. This calls for respect for human rights, social progress, national liberation, peace, democracy, elimination of War and other great evils confronting humanity. This calls for abstention from justifying aggression, arms proliferation, violence, hatred, discrimination, promotion of a New military man information and communication order. This is directed especially at the need for decolonization and democratization of information and communication.After all said and done my conviction is that the Authoritarian theory in contrast with Social Responsibility theory does not encourage media practitioners to see themselves as front-line participants in the battle to preserve democracy in a world drifting relentlessly toward tyranny. This gives rise and room to fear amongst media operators and infringes on the right of freedom of expression, the list of people who have been arrested for exercising their right to freedom of expression is long.In December 2008, for example, Jestina Mukoko, Director of the Zimbabwe Peace Project, was abducted and tortured. Members of muliebrity of Zimbabwe Arise (WOZA) are harassed, intimidated, assaulted and arrested on a regular basis. Okay Machisa, the Executive Director of Zimbabwe Human Rights necktie (ZIMRIGHTS) was arrested in March 2010 for organising reflections an exhibition of pictures of victims of the 2008 political violence. Geoff Nyarota was arrested for exposing some foul play at the Mazda industry at one time Ford motors.

Human Resource Planning Essay

Objectives of HRPTo recruit and wait the human resourcefulness of required quantity and quality. To foresee the impact of technology on work, existing employees and proximo human resource requirements, meeting the needs of the programs of expansion, diversification and to estimate the cost of human resources. To improve the standards, skills, knowledge, ability, rail etc. To assess the surplus or shortage of human resources and take measures accordingly thereby minimising the imbalance. To harbor congenial industrial relation by maintaining optimum level and structure of human resources.Process of tender Resource Planning1. Analysing Corporate Level Strategies gay Resource Planning begins with analysing corporate level strategies which take on expansion, diversification, mergers, acquisitions, reduction in operations, technology to be used, method of production etc.2. Demand forecasting promise the overall human resource requirement in accordance with the makeupal plans i s one of the key aspects of requisite forecasting. portent of quality of human resources like skills, knowledge, values and capabilities needed in addition to quantity of human resources is carried out.3. Analysing homophile Resource Supply Every organisation has two sources of supply of Human Resources Internal & External. Internally, human resources washbowl be obtained for certain posts through promotions and transfers. Once the future day internal supply is estimated through human resource audit, supply of external human resources is analysed. 4. Estimating manpower gaps Manpower gaps are identified by comparing demand and supply forecasts. Such comparison will reveal either deficit or surplus of Human Resources in the future. Employees estimated to be deficient can be trained while employees with higher, better skills may be given more enriched jobs.5. Action Planning Once the manpower gaps are identified, plans are prepared to pair these gaps by redeployment of surplu s manpower. People may be persuaded to quit voluntarily or retrenched. deficit can be met through recruitment, selection, transfer and promotion. In view of shortage of certain skilled employees, the organisation has to take care not only of recruitment but also retention of existing employees. 6. Modifying organisational plans If future supply of human resources from all the sources is estimated to be inadequate or less than the requirement, the organisation should consider alterations or modifications in the organisational plans.

A Marketing Plan for BW Leisure Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A selling Plan for BW Leisure Trust - Essay ExampleLike any(prenominal) other commercial memorial tablet, BWLT also requires a proper marketing plan in order to become independent of tax revenue payers money and to stay ahead of its rivals. A proper marketing plan that includes quintuplet major aspects such as situational analysis, marketing nonsubjective, marketing strategy, implication and control is presented in this paper. for each one of these aspects is suitably analyzed in the background of BWLT in the following sections of this paper. Business Mission The principle missionary post of BWLT is operating the sporting assets in such a way that benefits the facility users and becoming a self-sufficient profit making organization within the next seven years. Situational Analysis Situational analysis is all close to analyzing the internal as well as external environment of an organization. Strategic management tools like hall porters five forces model and SWOT are useful for such analysis. Porters five forces i.e. buyers bargaining agent, suppliers power, threat of substitutes, rivalry among competitors and threat of new comers hatful be analyzed in the context of BWLT (Ahlstrom & Bruton, 2009) In case of BWLT, users of the facilities have strong bargaining power as they can choose any other facilities according to their requirements. Suppliers of various equipments are likely to have medium to low bargaining power as there are number of entities that are in this business. Rivalry among the players is expected to be more than intense in the coming days and threat from a newcomer is medium as momentous volume of capital is must to start such a business. SWOT Analysis The major military force of BWLT is that its usefulness has been proved to the local people over the past few years. Furthermore, various schemes that are already introduced by it are found to be quite popular among the users. Major weakness of this charity deposit is the feature that it is still dependent on the tax payers money. In addition to that there are precise few marketing related activities. The trust has almost no online presence which is a major drawback for an organization that desires to be self-funded in the coming years. Major opportunity that this trust can capitalize on is the fact that it can now target the entire population of UK. Other leisure facility providing centres and private gyms that can be considered as its competitors are likely to be the main threat for BWLTs business. marketing target area Marketing objectives ought to be SMART i.e. it should be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time bound (Walker, 2006). The primary marketing objective in case of BWLT is to enhance the involvement of the users of the facilities. Involvement of users is likely to be reflected by the summation in usage of the facilities and this in turn would reflect in the total sales volume. It is aimed that the business of BWLT will incre ase by 30% in the coming year. Furthermore, another main objective is to enhance the brand honor of BWLT and this can be measured while dealing with the both suppliers and customers. Each of these objectives is SMART in nature. Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy for BWLT can be developed by using tools like Ansoff Matrix. As per this matrix the trust will have four options i.e. market penetration, market development, product development and diversification (Mercer, 1996). In order to

Just answer the fellowing questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Just answer the fellowing questions - Essay ExampleAlthough more or less of the rough materials used by Samsung are manufactured in South Korea, the company also imports materials from other(a) countries most notably the US. The company has a factory in Texas that manufactures semiconductors that are also used in the issue of Apples iPhones and iPads. Once the product is assembled, it is packed and shipped to various Samsung wholesale stores. Retailers purchase the product from these stores before selling it to the consumer.On 1st December 2014, the New York Times published an article that highlighted Chinas resolve to refuse British MPs entry to Hon Kong. According to the article, the government of China has taken this step because of concerns over British attitude toward the ongoing protests in Hong Kong. Britain, on the other hand, feels that it has a responsibility of overseeing a democratic govern of Hong Kong as per the provisions of the 1984 agreement between China and B ritain (Perlez 1). The author of the article avoids adopting an orientalist explanation by withholding tax his opinion. To achieve this, the author focuses on reporting the situation with little evaluation. The author, therefore, leaves it to his readers to make a decision on whether the government of China is right to deny British MPs entry to Hong Kong. Orientalism is however evidenced by British lawmakers resolve to be allowed entry to Hong Kong. Terming the action by the Chinese government as overtly confrontational, Mr. Ottaway, a British lawmaker, does not seem to believe in Chinas ability to make do the protests in Hong Kong (Perlez 1).Germany is one of the largest countries in Europe in terms of geographic area and population. Its neighbors include among other countries Belgium and France. While Germanys international edge with Belgium is relatively streamlined with little meanders, the countrys boundary with France seems to advance into Germanys territory. One of the poss ible